Chapters
Military service
- Sacramentum – holy, military oath of loyalty in Roman legions, sometimes annually;
- Sub aquila (under the eagle) – on active duty;
- Sub cura – looked after;
- Sub signis (in line with the standards) in military service;
- Sub vexillo (under the flag) – the veteran was required to serve in lighter duty;
- Subsignanus miles – soldier on active duty;
- Constitutio (regulations of service) – several rules of the military Constitutiones that were formulated by the emperors, from Augustus to Hadrian;
- Statio – secondment camp, camp;
- Beneficiarius (beneficiary) – either (1) a soldier with special powers, or (2) military police;
- Beneficiarius consularis – soldier attached to the provincial governor’s staff;
- Beneficiarius legati legionis – the soldier assigned to the commander’s staff;
- Beneficiarius praefecti praetorio – a soldier serving in the headquarters of the praetorian prefect;
- Beneficiarius praefecti Urbis – a soldier serving in the headquarters of the city prefect;
- Beneficiarius procuratoris – a soldier serving in the proxy’s staff;
- Beneficiarius praefecti proconsulis – a soldier serving on the staff of a governor appointed by the senate;
- Beneficiarius sexmestris – a soldier appointed for six months as beneficiarius;
- Beneficiarius tribuni – a soldier attached to the staff of the military tribune;
- Collatus – a soldier selected to serve in another unit.
Recruitment
- Conquisitor – recruiting officer;
- Tiro – recruit;
- Contiro – colleague recruit;
- Murcus – a potential recruit who cut off his thumb to escape from military service;
- Probatoria – registration (recruitment) document;
- Probatus – recruiter considered fit for service;
- Signaculum – identification disc, worn by recruits;
- Adcrescens (youth) – the legionary’s offspring, who followed in their father’s footsteps, and therefore received their rights before entering service (4th century CE);
- Wiatyk (travelling money) – money spent on a recruit during the initial training period;
- Tirocinium – first recruit campaign.
Roman soldiers
- Legionary (soldier) – each soldier had two weapons: gladius (sword) and pilum (javelin);
- Gaesatus – soldier with gaesum (iron spear);
- Lanciarius – soldier with lancea (javelin);
- Accensus (reservist) – light infantry soldier;
- Akontistes (javelin thrower) – light infantry;
- Auxiliaris – auxilia soldier;
- Ballistarius – artilleryman responsible for the ballista;
- Bellator (warrior) – soldier, warrior;
- Burgarius – soldier assigned to burgus;
- Cohortalis – soldier belonging to the cohort;
- Collega – member of the same unit;
- Comitatensis – a soldier belonging to the later Roman army;
- Commanipularis – friend in arms, colleague;
- Discens – recruit;
- Ferentarius – either (1), Republican Light Armored Legionary, (2) Republican Legionary Repeller, (3) Republican Light Horseman, or (4) Military Servant;
- Gregalis (Gregarius) (private) – regular soldier;
- Hoplites – heavy-armed soldier;
- Miles – regular soldier;
- Miles cohortis – soldier belonging to the cohort;
- Miles gloriosus (great soldier) – braggart soldier;
- Miles Gregarius (Miles gregalis) – regular soldier;
- Miles legionis – a soldier belonging to a legion, a legionary;
- Milex – soldier;
- Manipularis – Heavy infantry soldier serving in manipulation;
- Pedatura – infantry;
- Peditatus – infantry;
- Pedés – infantry;
- Scutatus – a soldier with a larger shield;
- Simplaris – basic wage soldier;
- Triarius (Tertiary) – heavy infantry soldier;
- Velites – lightly armoured legionaries;
- Volones (Volonum) – liberated slaves who enlisted in the army.
Military specialists
- Agaso (Strator) – orderly;
- Adiutor – assistant, orderly;
- Arcuarius – archer;
- Interpres – translator;
- Secutor – bodyguard, orderly.
Military officials
- Ab Actis – document officer;
- Actarius – clerk;
- Scriba – scribe;
- Adiutor – assistant, orderly;
- Libraria Advisor – assistant;
- Cibariator – procurement officer;
- Exactus – accountant;
- Excerptor – secretary;
- Librarius – official responsible for the archive;
- Notarius – secretary.
Military servants
- Lixa – military servant, henchman;
- Baro – servant, groom;
- Cacula – servant;
- Calo – groom, servant;
- Galearius – servant.
