{"id":98261,"date":"2021-11-08T18:41:03","date_gmt":"2021-11-08T17:41:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/?post_type=artykuly&p=98261"},"modified":"2021-11-08T18:41:03","modified_gmt":"2021-11-08T17:41:03","slug":"edict-of-caracalla","status":"publish","type":"artykuly","link":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/article\/edict-of-caracalla\/","title":{"rendered":"Edict of Caracalla"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Edict of Caracalla<\/a>, also known as Constitutio Antoniniana<\/em>, was a document issued in 212 granting all free inhabitants of the Roman Empire (except peregrini dedicti<\/em>1<\/sup>) rights Roman citizens. The name of the edict comes from Caracalla<\/a>, meaning Marcus Aurelius<\/a> Antoninus, Roman emperor credited with the document. <\/p>\n

The catalog of the rights of Roman citizens consisted of:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Right to vote (ius suffragii<\/em>);<\/li>\n
  2. The right to serve in the Roman legions (ius militiae<\/em>);<\/li>\n
  3. Election to state office (ius Honorum<\/em>);<\/li>\n
  4. Right to appeal to the public if the judgment rendered by a court seemed unfair (ius provocationis<\/em>);<\/li>\n
  5. Ownership (ius census<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    The rights of Roman citizens, including the Edict of Caracalla, were originally reserved only for citizens of the city of Rome<\/a>. From 89 BCE they were awarded to all free inhabitants of Italy. Citizenship<\/a> was also held by the Romans living in colonies<\/a>, cities outside Italy and provinces, and the rulers of allied countries. At the time of the promulgation of the edict, some of these powers, such as ius suffragii<\/em>, were of purely historical significance. Provocatio ad populum<\/em> (appeal to the people on the death sentence) has been replaced by an appeal to the emperor.<\/p>\n

    The emperor justified his move with religious arguments (gaining the favour of the gods<\/a>). The then historian Cassius Dio attributed to the edict only fiscal motivations (the extension of taxes imposed on Roman citizens to the majority of the population<\/a> without exempting it from existing benefits). However, it should be remembered that Dion was extremely hostile to Caracalla and could have deliberately coloured his message.<\/p>\n

    Another purpose of the edict is the need to increase the number of men who can join the army<\/a>. Only soldiers with full citizenship could fight in the legions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":37174,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"kategorie_artykulow":[73],"class_list":["post-98261","artykuly","type-artykuly","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","kategorie_artykulow-politics-events"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/artykuly\/98261","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/artykuly"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/artykuly"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/artykuly\/98261\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98261"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"kategorie_artykulow","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kategorie_artykulow?post=98261"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}