{"id":56255,"date":"2019-10-29T09:34:53","date_gmt":"2019-10-29T08:34:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/biographies-of-romans\/gordian-iii\/"},"modified":"2021-01-21T20:49:56","modified_gmt":"2021-01-21T19:49:56","slug":"gordian-iii","status":"publish","type":"biografie","link":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/gordian-iii\/","title":{"rendered":"Gordian III"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_87 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Chapters<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/gordian-iii\/#young-ruler\" >Young ruler<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/gordian-iii\/#war-with-persia\" >War with Persia<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/gordian-iii\/#philip-the-arab-conspiracy\" >Philip the Arab conspiracy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/gordian-iii\/#another-version-of-the-emperors-death\" >Another version of the emperor&#8217;s death<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<table class=\"biog\" style=\"width: 250px;\">\n<caption>    <div class=\"ramka_ze_zdjeciem float-none \"\n         style=\"\">\n\n        <div class=\"zdjecie\">\n            <img\n                class=\"ramka-ze-zdjeciem\"\n                src=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/IMG_20190203_184304-301x400.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/IMG_20190203_184304-301x400.jpg 301w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/IMG_20190203_184304-640x851.jpg 640w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/IMG_20190203_184304.jpg 800w\"                alt=\"Gordian III\"\n                width=\"251\"\n                height=\"334\"\n               \n               \n            \/>\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/IMG_20190203_184304.jpg\"\n               rel=\"fancybox\"\n               title=\"Gordian III\">\n                <div class=\"iover\">\n                    <div class=\"zicon\">\n                        <i class=\"fa fa-search-plus\"><\/i>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n                    <div class=\"opis\">\n                                Gordian III            <\/div>\n        \n        \n    <\/div>\n    <\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Name<\/th>\n<td>\n<p class=\"male\"><em>Marcus Antoninus Gordianus<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Ruled as<\/th>\n<td>\n<p class=\"male\"><em>Imperator <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/caesar-queen-of-nicomedes\/\">Caesar<\/a> Marcus Antoninus Gordianus <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/augustus\/\">Augustus<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Reign<\/th>\n<td>\n<p class=\"male\">238 &#8211; 11 February 244 CE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Born<\/th>\n<td>\n<p class=\"male\">20 January 225 CE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Died<\/th>\n<td>\n<p class=\"male\">11 February 244 CE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\">    <div class=\"ramka_ze_zdjeciem float-none \"\n         style=\"\">\n\n        <div class=\"zdjecie\">\n            <img\n                class=\"ramka-ze-zdjeciem\"\n                src=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/GORDIANUS_III_-_RIC_189a_-_730827.jpg\"\n                                alt=\"Coin of Emperor Gordian III\"\n                width=\"251\"\n                height=\"123\"\n               \n               \n            \/>\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/GORDIANUS_III_-_RIC_189a_-_730827.jpg\"\n               rel=\"fancybox\"\n               title=\"Coin of Emperor Gordian III\">\n                <div class=\"iover\">\n                    <div class=\"zicon\">\n                        <i class=\"fa fa-search-plus\"><\/i>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n                    <div class=\"opis\">\n                                Coin of Emperor Gordian III            <\/div>\n        \n        \n    <\/div>\n    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>Marcus Antoninus Gordianus<\/em>, now known as Gordian III, was the son of Junius Balbus, but since he had the name of his grandfather, not his father, it is assumed that he died early and his grandfather adopted a boy, which was worthy of Roman practice. So Gordian III was grandson of <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/gordian-i\/\">Gordian I<\/a> and nephew of Gordian II.<\/p>\n<p>The sudden and unexpected death of the Gordian father and son in Carthage in March 238, and Maksymin Trak marching to Italy at the head of the Danube legions forced the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-constitution\/roman-republic\/roman-offices\/roman-senate\/\">Senate<\/a> to act promptly and select successors, killed <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-constitution\/roman-empire\/roman-emperors\/\">emperors<\/a>, who would remedy the crisis. The choice fell on mature noblemen &#8211; Pupien and Balbin, who were to co-govern with the same rights. When the new rulers set off for the Capitol to make the usual sacrifices to the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-religion\/gods-of-ancient-rome\/\">Gods<\/a>, a hostile crowd threatened their path. The hatred of the pleb was caused primarily by the election to the highest office of Pupien, who earlier, as the prefect of <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-geography\/roman-cities\/rome-eternal-city\/\">Rome<\/a>, treated the lowest masses of the capital sharply. An armed escort did not help &#8211; the emperors could not get to the temple, at some point the situation became very dangerous &#8211; the stones went into motion. Then someone from the crowd noticed that the grandson of Gordian I was in the city, and a member of such an excellent family would improve the image of the new authorities. To overcome this difficult situation, the emperors agreed to appoint the boy as a co-ruler.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"young-ruler\"><\/span>Young ruler<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Gordian III reigned as <em>Emperor Caesar Marcus Antoninus Gordianus Augustus<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The young (thirteen-year-old) Gordian III, together with Balbin, solemnly welcomed Pupien who was returning from Aquileia after the death of Maximinus. However, soon both senior emperors were abducted by <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/units-of-roman-army\/praetorians\/\">praetorians<\/a> and then killed.<\/p>\n<p>Approx. 242, the emperor married Sabinia Tranquillina, the daughter of his closest advisor and talented clerk Gaius Furius Sabinius <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/aquila-roman-legionary-eagle\/\">Aquila<\/a> Timesitheus. Soon Gordian&#8217;s father-in-law was appointed prefect of praetorians.<\/p>\n<p>The emperor did not forget about the crime committed on his uncle and grandfather. Stationed in Numidia, the 3rd Augustus <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/units-of-roman-army\/roman-legion\/\">legion<\/a>, who captured Carthage and overthrew the African Gordians, was dissolved. Soon the governor of Sabinian rebelled in <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-geography\/romes-contacts-with-africa-and-far-east\/\">Africa<\/a>, but was quickly defeated by troops loyal to the emperor.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"war-with-persia\"><\/span>War with Persia<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In 240, Shapur I assumed the Persian throne after Artaxerxes. Rych\u0142o demanded the return of the territories occupied by Rome that had previously belonged to Persian rule. Due to the lack of reaction on the Roman side, the king of <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-constitution\/roman-kingdom\/roman-kings\/\">kings<\/a> invaded eastern provinces. In 241, the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-geography\/neighboring-lands-around-ancient-rome\/parthia-persians\/\">Persians<\/a> mastered Mesopotamia and Syria, and then approached Antioch.<\/p>\n<p>The emperor announced leaving for the war in an ancient way &#8211; opening in 242 the gate of the Temple of <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-religion\/gods-of-ancient-rome\/list-of-roman-gods\/janus\/\">Janus<\/a> in Rome, which for centuries meant the beginning of hostilities. Gordian personally led the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/\">army<\/a>, which along the way marched through the Danube provinces to smash its power of the Goths and Sarmatians.<\/p>\n<p>Initially, 243 brought successes to the Romans. Both Syria and Roman Mesopotamia were reflected. However, the events of the second half of the year ushered in a tragic sequence of events, which eventually led to the death of a young and brave emperor.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"philip-the-arab-conspiracy\"><\/span>Philip the Arab conspiracy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In the autumn of 243, the prefect Praetorium Tymeszyusz, who accompanied the emperor during the expedition, died of illness, and in his place Marcus Julius Philip, known as the Arab, was appointed.<\/p>\n<p>Roman troops in 244 began another campaign against the Persians. Along with Grdian, a new praetorian prefect stood &#8211; Philip. According to Zosimos, Philip sought to overthrow the emperor. Other ancient sources are also pushing this thesis. As Zosimos told us, Philip was deliberately sending away grain ships to cause dissatisfaction among the soldiers, but they were supposed to destroy him, <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/apparently-donuts-were-already-loved-by-ancient-romans\/\">apparently<\/a> proclaiming Philip Augustus. The body of the young ruler was cremated and sent with <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-religion\/gods-of-ancient-rome\/list-of-roman-gods\/honor\/\">honor<\/a> to Rome, indicating as the official cause of death &#8211; illness. Probably the suspicions on Philip the Arab fell straight away, so to move them away he ordered to erect a magnificent tomb at Gordian&#8217;s place of death, but it remained empty. A hundred years later, the army of the great Julian marched on Ctesiphon.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"another-version-of-the-emperors-death\"><\/span>Another version of the emperor&#8217;s death<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In addition to the official version, i.e. the illness of the ruler and forced by Zosimos regarding the plot of the new prefect of the praetorium, there are at least two theories about the premature death of the ruler of Rome. Szapur I claimed that Gordian was killed in the battle of Misiche, where the Persians were to defeat the Roman expedition. However, a significant proportion of researchers reject this theory.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":56241,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"kategorie_biografii":[176],"class_list":["post-56255","biografie","type-biografie","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","kategorie_biografii-emperors"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/biografie\/56255","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/biografie"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/biografie"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/biografie\/56255\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/56241"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56255"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"kategorie_biografii","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kategorie_biografii?post=56255"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}