{"id":56480,"date":"2019-11-10T21:50:08","date_gmt":"2019-11-10T20:50:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/biographies-of-romans\/domitian\/"},"modified":"2021-06-16T08:10:11","modified_gmt":"2021-06-16T06:10:11","slug":"domitian","status":"publish","type":"biografie","link":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/domitian\/","title":{"rendered":"Domitian"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Chapters<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/domitian\/#emperor\" >Emperor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/domitian\/#death\" >Death<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<table class=\"biog\" style=\"width: 250px;\">\n<caption>    <div class=\"ramka_ze_zdjeciem float-none \"\n         style=\"\">\n\n        <div class=\"zdjecie\">\n            <img\n                class=\"ramka-ze-zdjeciem\"\n                src=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/400px-Bust_Domitian_Musei_Capitolini_MC1156-267x400.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/400px-Bust_Domitian_Musei_Capitolini_MC1156-267x400.jpg 267w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/400px-Bust_Domitian_Musei_Capitolini_MC1156-640x960.jpg 640w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/400px-Bust_Domitian_Musei_Capitolini_MC1156.jpg 1200w\"                alt=\"Domitian\"\n                width=\"251\"\n                height=\"377\"\n               \n               \n            \/>\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/400px-Bust_Domitian_Musei_Capitolini_MC1156.jpg\"\n               rel=\"fancybox\"\n               title=\"Domitian\">\n                <div class=\"iover\">\n                    <div class=\"zicon\">\n                        <i class=\"fa fa-search-plus\"><\/i>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n                    <div class=\"opis\">\n                                Domitian            <\/div>\n        \n        \n    <\/div>\n    <\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Name<\/th>\n<td>\n<p class=\"male\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/titus-flavius\/\">Titus Flavius<\/a> Domitianus<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Ruled as<\/th>\n<td>\n<p class=\"male\"><em>Imperator <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/caesar-queen-of-nicomedes\/\">Caesar<\/a> Domitianus <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/germanicus\/\">Germanicus<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/augustus\/\">Augustus<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Reign<\/th>\n<td>\n<p class=\"male\">14 September 81 &#8211; 18 September 96 CE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Born<\/th>\n<td>\n<p class=\"male\">24 October 51 CE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Died<\/th>\n<td>\n<p class=\"male\">18 September 96 CE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\">    <div class=\"ramka_ze_zdjeciem float-none \"\n         style=\"\">\n\n        <div class=\"zdjecie\">\n            <img\n                class=\"ramka-ze-zdjeciem\"\n                src=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/domitian-germania-1-400x186.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/domitian-germania-1-400x186.jpg 400w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/domitian-germania-1-640x298.jpg 640w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/domitian-germania-1.jpg 726w\"                alt=\"Coin of Domitian\"\n                width=\"251\"\n                height=\"117\"\n               \n               \n            \/>\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/domitian-germania-1.jpg\"\n               rel=\"fancybox\"\n               title=\"Coin of Domitian\">\n                <div class=\"iover\">\n                    <div class=\"zicon\">\n                        <i class=\"fa fa-search-plus\"><\/i>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n                    <div class=\"opis\">\n                                Coin of Domitian            <\/div>\n        \n        \n    <\/div>\n    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Domitian was born on October 24, 51 CE in <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-geography\/roman-cities\/rome-eternal-city\/\">Rome<\/a> as <em>Titus Flavius \u200b\u200bDomitianus<\/em>. He was the son of <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/vespasian\/\">emperor <b>Vespasian<\/b><\/a> and <b>Domitilla the Elder<\/b>. Little brother of <b><a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/titus-flavius\/\">Titus<\/a><\/b> and <b>Younger Domitilla<\/b>. He was twice married to <b>Domitia Longina<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>He suffered shortages as a child. Chroniclers mention that in his youth he was tall, handsome and had poor eyesight. Over time, however, he gained weight and bald. He avoided effort. He fired the bow very well. He liked to play dice, but he hated poetry and <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/article\/literature-in-ancient-rome\/\">literature<\/a>. The emperor ate very abundantly and often gave feasts. He was also known for his numerous relationships with various women.<\/p>\n<p>In 70 CE 19-year-old Domitian got into an affair with <b>Domitia Longina<\/b>, whom he married in the same year. In 73 CE their son was born, he died in childhood. When in 81 CE Domitian became emperor, Domitia received the title of Augusta.<br \/>\nIn the year 83 CE she got into a stormy affair with the actor Paris, as a result of which Domitian banished her from the capital. However, it seems that the emperor loved her very much, because he could not stand the long separation and soon brought her back to Rome and restored all the privileges due to her dignity of Augusta.<\/p>\n<p>After <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/vespasian\/\">Vespasian<\/a> took power, he took the office of an urban <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-constitution\/roman-republic\/roman-offices\/praetor\/\">praetor<\/a> with the rights of <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-constitution\/roman-republic\/roman-offices\/roman-consul\/\">consul<\/a>. However, he did not pay much attention to his office, often avoiding others. Domitian was already abusing power. To match his brother, he undertook an expedition to Gaul and Germania. He did, however, make a small contribution to suppressing the rebellion. After Titus took power, he constantly plotted on him.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"emperor\"><\/span>Emperor<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>He ascended the throne on September 14, 81 CE. after the death of brother Titus. The beginning of his rule was promising. He continued to promote the equites by introducing them to the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-constitution\/roman-republic\/roman-offices\/roman-senate\/\">senate<\/a>, sat in the Tribunal to control the operation of the judiciary. He condemned the unfair judgments and judges who issued them. He also increased the legionary&#8217;s pay by three gold.<\/p>\n<p>He probably overestimated his deeds. Wanting to emphasize his dignity, he even appeared in the senate dressed as a winner. In 84 CE he became a constant <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-constitution\/roman-republic\/roman-offices\/censor\/\">censor<\/a> because he wanted to control his customs.<\/p>\n<p>During his reign in 82 CE he personally led a war expedition against the German tribes of the Khatt tribes, which he defeated and pushed deep into Germany, expanding <em><b>Agri Decumates<\/b><\/em>, held a ceremonial <b><a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-constitution\/roman-triumph\/\">triumph<\/a><\/b> and adopted the nickname <em>Germanicus<\/em> in 85 CE.<\/p>\n<p>Also this year, the Dacians invaded Mesia province. On the left bank of the Danube, <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-constitution\/roman-kingdom\/roman-kings\/\">King<\/a> Decebalus united the Dacian tribes and attacked Rome. After bringing reinforcements, including one <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/units-of-roman-army\/roman-legion\/\">legion<\/a> from Britain, the Romans started a counterattack ending in defeat (the entire legion <em>V Alaude<\/em> was destroyed). Domitian arrived personally in the year 88 CE, but in the face of the threat of the invasion of the tribes of Iazyges, Marcomanni, Quadi and revolt, which caused <b>Saturninus<\/b>, governor of Upper Germany, he was forced to make peace with the ruler of the Dacians in 89 CE He recognized him as king, promised annual monetary subsidies to specialists in defensive fortifications, counting on them as allies against other aggressive tribes. Decebal was to return prisoners of war and give some of his weapons, which he did not do.<br \/>\nIn 89 CE a civil war broke out with <b>Lucius Antonius<\/b>, who proclaimed himself emperor. Despite the fact that the rebellion was quickly suppressed, Domitian became very suspicious. He decided to get rid of political opponents. He killed many. The less threatening neutered or cut off his hands.<\/p>\n<p>In 92 CE the emperor conducted an expedition against the Iazyges, Marcomanni and Quadi. He carried out reforms in the state administration, for high positions in the imperial chancellories, appointing instead of the liberationists of the receipts, he appointed state service with the prosecutors to supervise tax collection (he ended the activity of private publishing companies collecting taxes). He also entrusted senior positions in the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/\">army<\/a>, excluding senators. He completed the construction of the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-art-and-culture\/roman-architecture\/roman-buildings\/colosseum\/\">Colosseum<\/a>. He built new temples. He renovated the Capitol. He rebuilt the Great Circus. Domitian was known for his love of the games. During his time they became very widespread. Amphitheaters were coming. In addition to the previous <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-society\/entertainment-in-ancient-rome\/gladiator-fights\/\">gladiator fights<\/a> and killing of wild <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/article\/animals-and-hunting-in-world-of-romans\/\">animals<\/a>, there were sea <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/battles-of-ancient-rome\/\">battles<\/a> and gladiator fights.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"ramka_ze_zdjeciem float-right \"\n         style=\"\">\n\n        <div class=\"zdjecie\">\n            <img\n                class=\"ramka-ze-zdjeciem\"\n                src=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/450px-Domitia.jpg\"\n                                alt=\"Domitia Longina\"\n                width=\"230\"\n                height=\"307\"\n               \n               \n            \/>\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/450px-Domitia.jpg\"\n               rel=\"fancybox\"\n               title=\"Domitia Longina, wife of emperor Domitian. Her father was a senator Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo, and her mother was probably Cassia Longina, from an old Roman nobilitas.\">\n                <div class=\"iover\">\n                    <div class=\"zicon\">\n                        <i class=\"fa fa-search-plus\"><\/i>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n                    <div class=\"opis\">\n                                <b>Domitia Longina<\/b>, wife of emperor Domitian. Her father was a senator <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/biografie\/gnejusz-domicjusz-korbulon\/\">Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo<\/a>, and her mother was probably Cassia Longina, from an old Roman <em>nobilitas<\/em>.            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div class=\"chmurka\">\n                Na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa - Na tych samych warunkach 3.0.            <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n    \n<p>He lowered the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/price-of-slaves-in-ancient-rome\/\">price of slaves<\/a>. He increased the salary of soldiers. However, remembering the rebellion of <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/caesar-antony-augustus-family-connections\/\">Antony<\/a>, he banned two legions from camping together. He forbade castration of men. The courts during Domitian&#8217;s rule functioned better, but gave more severe sentences. By imposing penalties on false prosecutors, the number of denunciations has significantly decreased.<\/p>\n<p>When in 88 CE Domitian finally dealt with Decebal, the ruler&#8217;s behavior changed. Roman historians say this success changed him a lot. He reportedly introduced <b>the reign of terror<\/b>. It is believed that he sought to introduce absolute power. He resumed his duty to report on citizens who were a threat to Rome. This procedure was known at the time of <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/tiberius\/\">Tiberius<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/biografie\/swetoniusz\/\">Suetonius<\/a> in his work &#8220;Domitian&#8221; writes that the emperor was an extraordinary hypocrite. He could praise someone he would crucify the next day. In 90 CE he ordered Cornelia &#8211; main vestal &#8211; to be buried alive. In the years 89 and 95 CE expelled philosophers from the Apennine peninsula. His hard rule, however, contributed to the reliable collection of taxes in the provinces and the maintenance of discipline in the army.<\/p>\n<p>Domitian became very suspicious over time. Almost always accompanied him guard. He placed many mirrors in his palace so that he could see what was happening behind him. His suspicions were correct. Senators were not favorable to him, moreover, many collaborators. Finally, his wife Domitia entered into a conspiracy with his trusted freedmen and two pretorian prefects.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"death\"><\/span>Death<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>He died on September 18, 96 CE, when was stabbed in his palace. The people reportedly took the killing indifferently, and the army with great indignation. Nothing helped. Domitian had no children. And anyway, the senators already had a candidate for the throne, who was to be <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/biografie\/nerwa\/\">Nerva<\/a>.<br \/>\nDomitia survived her husband for 30 years, however, claiming to the end <em>Domitia Domitiani<\/em>, or &#8220;Domitia, wife of Domitian.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":40200,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"kategorie_biografii":[176],"class_list":["post-56480","biografie","type-biografie","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","kategorie_biografii-emperors"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/biografie\/56480","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/biografie"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/biografie"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/biografie\/56480\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40200"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56480"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"kategorie_biografii","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kategorie_biografii?post=56480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}