{"id":95511,"date":"2021-09-26T08:30:10","date_gmt":"2021-09-26T06:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/?post_type=biografie&#038;p=95511"},"modified":"2021-09-28T09:15:40","modified_gmt":"2021-09-28T07:15:40","slug":"ceionius-commodus","status":"publish","type":"biografie","link":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/ceionius-commodus\/","title":{"rendered":"Ceionius Commodus"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_87 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Chapters<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/ceionius-commodus\/#family\" >Family<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/ceionius-commodus\/#on-the-way-to-the-throne\" >On the way to the throne<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/ceionius-commodus\/#death\" >Death<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n    <div class=\"ramka_ze_zdjeciem float-right \"\n         style=\"\">\n\n        <div class=\"zdjecie\">\n            <img\n                class=\"ramka-ze-zdjeciem\"\n                src=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Portrait_Lucius_Aelius_Louvre_Ma1167.jpg\"\n                                alt=\"Lucius Ceionius Commodus\"\n                width=\"250\"\n                height=\"379\"\n               \n               \n            \/>\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Portrait_Lucius_Aelius_Louvre_Ma1167.jpg\"\n               rel=\"fancybox\"\n               title=\"Lucius Ceionius Commodus was in very poor health.\">\n                <div class=\"iover\">\n                    <div class=\"zicon\">\n                        <i class=\"fa fa-search-plus\"><\/i>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n                    <div class=\"opis\">\n                                <b>Lucius Ceionius <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/commodus\/\">Commodus<\/a><\/b> was in very poor health.            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div class=\"chmurka\">\n                Author: Jastrow | Under the Creative Commons Attribution license - On the same terms 3.0.            <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n    \n<p>Ceionius Commodus was born <em>Lucius Ceionius Commodus<\/em> on January 13, 101 CE. He was the adopted son of the Roman Emperor <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/biografie\/hadrian\/\">Hadrian<\/a>. Commodus was elevated by <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/hadrian\/\">Hadrian<\/a> to the dignity of <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/caesar-queen-of-nicomedes\/\">Caesar<\/a> as <em>Lucius Aelius Verus Caesar<\/em> and was predicted to be heir to the throne. However, he died a few months before him.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"family\"><\/span>Family<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Young Lucius Ceionius Commodus came from <em>gens Ceionia<\/em>. His father, also <b>Lucius Ceionius Commodus<\/b>, was a <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-constitution\/roman-republic\/roman-offices\/roman-consul\/\">consul<\/a> for 106 CE. His paternal grandfather was in turn a consul for 78 CE. Generally, Commodus&#8217;s ancestors from his paternal side came from Etruria and often held the consulate. His mother&#8217;s name was <b>Plautia Foundation<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>Before 130 CE, Lucius married <b>Avidia Plautia,<\/b> a well-to-do Roman noblewoman who was the daughter of Senator Gaius Avidius Nigrinus. Avidia gave birth to four children to Commodus:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Lucius Ceylon Commodus the Younger<\/b> &#8211; future <a title=\"Lucus Verus\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/biografie\/lucjusz-werus\/\">Lucius Verus<\/a>, co-ruler together with <a title=\"Marcus Aurelius \" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/biografie\/marek-aureliusz\/\">Marcus Aurelius<\/a> from 161 to 169 CE Verus married Lucilla, Aurelius&#8217; second daughter.<\/li>\n<li><b>Gaius Avidius Ceionius Commodus<\/b> &#8211; known from the inscription found in <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-geography\/roman-cities\/rome-eternal-city\/\">Rome<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ceionia Fabia<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Ceionia Plautia<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"on-the-way-to-the-throne\"><\/span>On the way to the throne<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>For a long time <a title=\"Hadrian\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/biografie\/hadrian\/\">Hadrian<\/a> envisioned a certain <b>Lucius Julius Ursus Serwianus<\/b> (CE 45-136) as heir to the throne Roman. He was a gifted politician with Spanish roots. During the reign of <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/trajan\/\">Trajan<\/a>, Serwianus served twice as consul and developed very friendly contacts with the senator <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/biografie\/pliniusz-mlodszy\/\">Pliny the Younger<\/a>. Hadrian, after assuming the imperial office, considered him for a long time as the rightful heir. However, as he approached the end of his reign, he gradually departed from this idea. Even though <span class=\"underlined\">Serwianus seemed capable and suitable for the position, he had one drawback &#8211; he was <b>nearly 90<\/b><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>The emperor&#8217;s eyesight was caught by his grandson &#8211; 18-year-old <em>Gnaeus Pedanius Fuscus Salinator II<\/em>. Hadrian promoted the young Salinator, to whom he gave special status at his court, and prepared for his successor. Servianus was delighted with the vision of his grandson assuming the future Roman throne.<\/p>\n<p>However, in 136 CE Hadrian <b>almost died of disease<\/b>, which was manifested by severe haemorrhages, swelling and pain. He was in such pain that he wanted to commit <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-constitution\/roman-law\/suicide-in-world-of-romans\/\">suicide<\/a>. He was even supposed to ask for poison or a dagger. Sick and recovering in his villa in Tivoli, he changed his mind about the succession. He appointed Lucius Ceionius Commodus as his successor, whom he had adopted earlier. The choice was made on the basis of <em>invitis omnibus<\/em> (&#8220;against the opinion of others&#8221;). Naturally, Servianus and his grandson were extremely dissatisfied with the ruler&#8217;s decision and planned to distract Hadrian from this decision. In fact, to this day it is difficult to clearly define what caused the sudden change of Hadrian&#8217;s decision. It is likely that Salinator was on the verge of carrying out a coup d&#8217;\u00e9tat in which Serwianus himself was supposed to dip his fingers. In order to <span class=\"underlined\">counteract the conspirators and avoid problems with Commodus assuming the throne, the emperor ordered Servianus and Salinator to commit suicide honourably<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Although Lucius had virtually no military experience, he assumed the office of senator and made numerous political contacts. As a result of his adoption, Commodus was given the name <em>Lucius Aelius Caesar<\/em>. It seemed that Hadrian had secured Rome with proper succession to the throne. As it turned out, Commodus was in very poor health.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"death\"><\/span>Death<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>After being stationed at the Danube border for a year, Commodus returned to Rome to deliver a speech at the first session of the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-constitution\/roman-republic\/roman-offices\/roman-senate\/\">Senate<\/a> in 138 CE. However, the night before his speech, Lucius suddenly felt sick and died of a haemorrhage. It was January 13.<\/p>\n<p>On January 24, 138 CE Hadrian appointed Aurelius Antoninus as his successor, the future emperor of <a title=\"Antony Pius\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/biografie\/antoninus-pius\/\">Antonius Pius<\/a>, whom he adopted on February 25 this year.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":38695,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"kategorie_biografii":[178],"class_list":["post-95511","biografie","type-biografie","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","kategorie_biografii-politicians-and-generals"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/biografie\/95511","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/biografie"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/biografie"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/biografie\/95511\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38695"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=95511"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"kategorie_biografii","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kategorie_biografii?post=95511"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}