{"id":98755,"date":"2021-11-18T08:53:22","date_gmt":"2021-11-18T07:53:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/?post_type=biografie&#038;p=98755"},"modified":"2021-11-18T08:55:04","modified_gmt":"2021-11-18T07:55:04","slug":"libius-severus","status":"publish","type":"biografie","link":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/libius-severus\/","title":{"rendered":"Libius Severus"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_87_1 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Chapters<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/libius-severus\/#background\" >Background<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/libius-severus\/#reign\" >Reign<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/libius-severus\/#death\" >Death<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<table class=\"biog\" style=\"width: 250px;\">\n<caption>    <div class=\"ramka_ze_zdjeciem float-none \"\n         style=\"\">\n\n        <div class=\"zdjecie\">\n            <img\n                class=\"ramka-ze-zdjeciem\"\n                src=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/obverse-378x400.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/obverse-378x400.jpg 378w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/obverse-640x678.jpg 640w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/obverse.jpg 1200w\"                alt=\"Libius Severus\"\n                width=\"251\"\n                height=\"266\"\n               \n               \n            \/>\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/obverse.jpg\"\n               rel=\"fancybox\"\n               title=\"Libius Severus\">\n                <div class=\"iover\">\n                    <div class=\"zicon\">\n                        <i class=\"fa fa-search-plus\"><\/i>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n                    <div class=\"opis\">\n                                Libius Severus            <\/div>\n        \n        \n    <\/div>\n    <\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Name<\/th>\n<td>\n<p class=\"male\"><em>Flavius Libius Severus Serpentius<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Reign<\/th>\n<td>\n<p class=\"male\">19 November 461 &#8211; 15 August 465 CE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Born<\/th>\n<td>\n<p class=\"male\">c. 420 CE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Died<\/th>\n<td>\n<p class=\"male\">15 August 465 CE<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\">    <div class=\"ramka_ze_zdjeciem float-none \"\n         style=\"\">\n\n        <div class=\"zdjecie\">\n            <img\n                class=\"ramka-ze-zdjeciem\"\n                src=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/600px-Visigothic_Libius_Severus_722233-400x194.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/600px-Visigothic_Libius_Severus_722233-400x194.jpg 400w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/600px-Visigothic_Libius_Severus_722233.jpg 600w\"                alt=\"Coin of Libius Severus\"\n                width=\"251\"\n                height=\"122\"\n               \n               \n            \/>\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/600px-Visigothic_Libius_Severus_722233.jpg\"\n               rel=\"fancybox\"\n               title=\"Coin of Libius Severus\">\n                <div class=\"iover\">\n                    <div class=\"zicon\">\n                        <i class=\"fa fa-search-plus\"><\/i>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n                    <div class=\"opis\">\n                                Coin of Libius Severus            <\/div>\n        \n        \n    <\/div>\n    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>Libius Severus<\/em> was born around 420 CE in Lucania (<em>Lucania<\/em>), a historic land in the south of ancient <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-geography\/roman-provinces\/roman-italy\/\">Italy<\/a>, between the Gulf of Taranto and the Tyrrhenian Sea. Libius was one of the last <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-constitution\/roman-empire\/roman-emperors\/\">emperors<\/a> of the Western <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-constitution\/roman-empire\/\">Roman Empire<\/a>, exercising power from November 19, 461 to his death on August 15, 465 CE.<br \/>\nAlthough he officially held the highest office, he was in fact heavily influenced by the commander-in-chief of the Roman field <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/\">army<\/a> (<em>magister militum<\/em>) &#8211; <b>Ricimer<\/b>. <span class=\"underlined\">Libius was unable to implement effective reforms<\/span>. Ancient sources mention Libius as a pious and religious person.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"background\"><\/span>Background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>On August 7, 461 CE <em>magister militum<\/em> Ricimer killed Emperor <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/majorian\/\">Majorian<\/a> and thus placed a vacancy on the throne of <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-geography\/roman-cities\/rome-eternal-city\/\">Rome<\/a>. The struggle for power in the capital of the Western Empire was to take place between <b>Ricimer<\/b>, the Eastern Roman Emperor <b>Leo I<\/b> and <b>Genseric<\/b>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-constitution\/roman-kingdom\/roman-kings\/\">king<\/a> of the Vandals, who had Northern <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-geography\/romes-contacts-with-africa-and-far-east\/\">Africa<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-geography\/roman-provinces\/list-of-roman-provinces\/roman-sardinia-and-corsica\/\">Sardinia<\/a> and Corsica. Leo naturally had the right to accept a new &#8220;colleague&#8221; in accordance with the official political situation that the Empire was still united.<\/p>\n<p>Ricimer needed a weak ruler on the throne so that he could control him freely. <span class=\"underlined\">Sam could not reach for purple due to his barbaric roots<\/span>.<br \/>\nThe competition for the throne was extremely fierce. In 455 CE Genseric kidnapped the wife and two daughters of the Western Emperor Valentinian III &#8211; <b>Licinia Eudoxia, Eudocia<\/b> and <b>Placidia<\/b>, during the conquest of Rome by the Vandals. Through the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-society\/marriage-and-love-life-in-ancient-rome\/\">marriage<\/a> of his son Huneric to Eudokia, he managed to enter the imperial family. He himself proposed as the heir to the <b>throne of Ravenna<\/b> (official capital from 402 CE; previously Milan) <b>Olibrius<\/b>, who married Valentinian&#8217;s second daughter &#8211; Placidia, and also became a member of the imperial family.<\/p>\n<p>Genseric, wanting to &#8220;push&#8221; his candidate, decided to put pressure on Ravenna and launched a series of attacks along the coasts of Italy and <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-geography\/roman-provinces\/list-of-roman-provinces\/roman-sicily\/\">Sicily<\/a>, stressing that the peace made with Majorian was no longer in force. Ricimer decided to intervene. He sent an emissary to Genseric to plead for the observance of the peace treaty, when another envoy went to the Eastern Emperor, asking him to stop the invasions and to release Valentinian III&#8217;s wife and daughters.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"ramka_ze_zdjeciem float-right \"\n         style=\"\">\n\n        <div class=\"zdjecie\">\n            <img\n                class=\"ramka-ze-zdjeciem\"\n                src=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/As_Libius_Severus-Ricimer_MonogramRIC_2716.jpg\"\n                                alt=\"As by Rycymera and Libius Sever\"\n                width=\"300\"\n                height=\"155\"\n               \n               \n            \/>\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/As_Libius_Severus-Ricimer_MonogramRIC_2716.jpg\"\n               rel=\"fancybox\"\n               title=\"As by Rycimer and Libius Sever.\">\n                <div class=\"iover\">\n                    <div class=\"zicon\">\n                        <i class=\"fa fa-search-plus\"><\/i>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n                    <div class=\"opis\">\n                                As by Rycimer and Libius Sever.            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div class=\"chmurka\">\n                Author: Panairjdde | Under Creative Commons Attribution license - On the same terms 3.0.            <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n    \n<p>Despite the pressure exerted by the Vandals on the Western Roman Empire, <span class=\"underlined\">Ricimer ignored Olibrius and appointed his own candidate<\/span>&#8211; <b>Libius Sever<\/b>, senator from Lucania, as the West Roman Emperor. The <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-constitution\/roman-republic\/roman-offices\/roman-senate\/\">Roman Senate<\/a> officially announced the new emperor on November 19, 461 CE. in Ravenna.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"reign\"><\/span>Reign<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The choice of Libius was probably due to the desire to please the Knight of the Italian aristocracy. When Severus took up his position, he had to deal with many problems of the state in a situation when he himself was strongly influenced by Knight and many <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-geography\/roman-provinces\/\">provinces<\/a> in the west did not recognize his authority.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"ramka_ze_zdjeciem float-right \"\n         style=\"\">\n\n        <div class=\"zdjecie\">\n            <img\n                class=\"ramka-ze-zdjeciem\"\n                src=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/450px-Leo_I_Louvre_Ma1012_n2.jpg\"\n                                alt=\"Emperor Leo I Makelles\"\n                width=\"250\"\n                height=\"333\"\n               \n               \n            \/>\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/450px-Leo_I_Louvre_Ma1012_n2.jpg\"\n               rel=\"fancybox\"\n               title=\"Emperor Leo I Makelles tried to maintain his influence on the affairs of the Western Roman Empire. After ascending to the throne, he recognized the emperor Majorian, and after his removal and killing, after returning from an unsuccessful expedition against the Vandals, by Rycemer, the de facto ruler of the West, he refused to recognize the puppet of the Germanic leader, Libius Severus.\">\n                <div class=\"iover\">\n                    <div class=\"zicon\">\n                        <i class=\"fa fa-search-plus\"><\/i>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n                    <div class=\"opis\">\n                                <b>Emperor Leo I Makelles<\/b> tried to maintain his influence on the affairs of the Western Roman Empire. After ascending to the throne, he recognized the emperor Majorian, and after his removal and killing, after returning from an unsuccessful expedition against the Vandals, by Rycemer, the de facto ruler of the West, he refused to recognize the puppet of the Germanic leader, Libius Severus.            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div class=\"chmurka\">\n                Creative Commons Attribution license - On the same terms 3.0.            <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n    \n<p>In the early 60&#8217;s of the 5th century CE the Western Roman Empire no longer included Britain (it was abandoned), Africa (conquered by the Vandals) and Spain (occupied by the Suebi and Visigoths who were <em>foederati<\/em> &#8211; allies). In addition, Aegidius ruled in Gaul itself, and Marcellinus ruled in Illyricum, who supported the murdered Majorian and thus did not support the rule of Libius. Even East Emperor Leo I himself did not recognize Libius, and some <b>Byzantine sources<\/b> mention the Western Emperor <b>as a usurper<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>Libius Severus was afraid that Marcellinus, who had great forces under his command, together with Leon&#8217;s support, would want to take the throne from the hands of Ricimer and Libius. In order to counteract the threats, Libius established his own <em>magister militum per Gallias<\/em> &#8211; Agrippinus, giving him official authority over Aegidius. It is worth mentioning that during the rule of Majorianus Agrippinus was accused of treason, found guilty and sentenced to death. He was probably only pardoned because of Rycimer, who wanted to keep balance in Galli. Agrippinus, wanting to repay Aegidius, made an alliance with the Franks, led by <b>Childeric I<\/b>. In return for help, in 462 CE Libius handed over Narbona to the Visigoths, thereby giving them access to the Mediterranean Sea and separating the rebellious Aegidius from the empire.<br \/>\nIt is worth mentioning one state act, among the few issued, in which Libius sentenced to death the prefect of <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/units-of-roman-army\/praetorians\/\">praetorians<\/a> in Gaul &#8211; Arvandus, after he was accused of treason and a desire to seize power.<\/p>\n<p>During his reign, Libius practically ruled only Italy. In 465 CE, after the death of Aegidius, Gaul returned to the emperor&#8217;s sphere of influence for a short time.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"death\"><\/span>Death<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The details of Libius&#8217; death are unclear. Most modern historians agree that he died of natural causes on August 15, 465 CE. His reign was another step towards the final collapse of the Western Roman Empire.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":40315,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"kategorie_biografii":[176],"class_list":["post-98755","biografie","type-biografie","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","kategorie_biografii-emperors"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/biografie\/98755","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/biografie"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/biografie"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/biografie\/98755\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40315"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98755"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"kategorie_biografii","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kategorie_biografii?post=98755"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}