{"id":56490,"date":"2019-11-10T23:02:25","date_gmt":"2019-11-10T22:02:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/ciekawostka\/cross-section-of-roman-road\/"},"modified":"2022-12-30T08:55:31","modified_gmt":"2022-12-30T07:55:31","slug":"cross-section-of-roman-road","status":"publish","type":"ciekawostki","link":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/cross-section-of-roman-road\/","title":{"rendered":"Cross section of Roman road"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Cross-section of the Roman road (belonging to the so-called <em>via munita<\/em>) located in <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-geography\/roman-cities\/rome-eternal-city\/\">Rome<\/a>. It is dated to the 4th century BCE. <!--more--><\/p>\n<p><em>Via munita<\/em> was a kind of <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-art-and-culture\/roman-architecture\/roman-roads\/\">Roman road<\/a>, covered and made of stones or polygonal lava blocks. The construction of the road began with determining its width by digging two ditches called <em> sulci<\/em>. The native soil was removed from such a trough until it encountered a rock, i.e. at a considerable depth. The next step was to lay a layer of sand, which was compacted and profiled. 1 or 2 layers of flat stones were laid on the prepared substrate, they were covered with cement mortar or silted with clay. Instead of mortar, volcanic ash (<em>puzolana<\/em>) was also used. This formed the lower road layer, <em>statumen<\/em>, 20-30 cm thick, sometimes reaching 0.5 m. <em>Statumen<\/em> was framed with curbs weighing from 10, 15 kg to 50 kg, it was intended to strengthen the edges of the road. The next layer called <em>rudus<\/em> or <em>ruderatio<\/em>, 20-30 cm thick, consisted of crushed sandstone, crushed brick or crushed stone. They were beaten with carefully forged wood rammers. All this was poured with a mortar with a ratio of crushed brick and calcium &#8211; 3:1.<\/p>\n<p>Then the foundation was laid, the first layer of which was <em>nucleus<\/em>, i.e. cement with fine stone chips, slag, clay and sand. The whole formed a layer of impermeable, sealed fine-grained concrete. The approximate composition of this half-meter layer was 3 parts crushed brick and 2 parts calcium.<br \/>\nThe upper layer, <em>summum dorsum<\/em>, was made of gravel with a grain size of up to 6 cm, called <em>gloren stratata<\/em> or polygonal stone tiles, <em>silicea stratata<\/em>.<br \/>\nThe profiled and carefully levelled surface, <em>parimentum<\/em>, was laid with 5 cm thick stone slabs with a fall of 1:60 and an area of \u200b\u200b30 to 100 cm.<br \/>\nThe total thickness of the Roman road ranged from 1 m to 1.5 m with different thickness variants of individual layers. In later times the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-art-and-culture\/roman-architecture\/roman-roads\/\">roads<\/a> were lined with stone slabs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":56486,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"kategorie_ciekawostek":[153],"class_list":["post-56490","ciekawostki","type-ciekawostki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","kategorie_ciekawostek-architecture"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ciekawostki\/56490","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ciekawostki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/ciekawostki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ciekawostki\/56490\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/56486"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56490"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"kategorie_ciekawostek","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kategorie_ciekawostek?post=56490"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}