{"id":56800,"date":"2019-11-24T08:14:42","date_gmt":"2019-11-24T07:14:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/ciekawostka\/acies-triplex\/"},"modified":"2019-11-26T20:46:01","modified_gmt":"2019-11-26T19:46:01","slug":"acies-triplex","status":"publish","type":"ciekawostki","link":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/acies-triplex\/","title":{"rendered":"Acies triplex"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/military-formations-of-ancient-romans\/acies-triplex\/\">Acies triplex<\/a><\/em>, the triple <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/military-formations-of-ancient-romans\/battle-and-marching-formations-of-ancient-romans\/\">formation<\/a>, was a military formation used by the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/units-of-roman-army\/roman-legion\/\">Roman legions<\/a> of the republic period. It was introduced as a result of the reform of the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/\">Roman army<\/a> in the 4th century BCE (so-called <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/military-reforms-of-marcus-camillus\/\"><b>Camillian reform<\/b><\/a>), which transformed the structure of the Roman army from a rigid phalanx to a much more flexible manipulative. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/military-formations-of-ancient-romans\/acies-triplex\/\">Acies triplex<\/a><\/em> was formed according to the <em>quincunx &#8211;<\/em> scheme of a five-element geometric pattern. <!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Strong and numerous Roman infantry formed a battle line consisting of three ranks:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>first and closest enemy lines &#8211; <a title=\"Hastati\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/units-of-roman-army\/hastati\/\"><b><em>hastati<\/em><\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li>second line &#8211; <a title=\"Principes\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/units-of-roman-army\/principes\/\"><b><em>principes<\/em><\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li>third and last line &#8211; <a title=\"Triarii\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/units-of-roman-army\/triarii\/\"><b><em>triarii<\/em><\/b><\/a>, who are often veterans also strong reserve<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The basic tactical unit was manipul. The Manipul consisted of 120-150 people (<em><a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/units-of-roman-army\/triarii\/\">triarii<\/a><\/em> counted half of the size), six ranks of 20-25 soldiers. In the <em>acies triplex<\/em> array, the manipulators were separated from each other by a gap the width of the manipulate face from the next line. This was to ensure high maneuverability and easy regrouping while maintaining the ability to quickly create a compact line of troops.<\/p>\n<p>Before the first heavy-armed array were <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/units-of-roman-army\/velites\/\"><em>velites<\/em><\/a>, i.e. light-armed infantry (javelinists, archers). They were set up in a loose, linear formation. On the flanks there was a ride, grouped in 10 squadrons (<em>turmae<\/em>), protecting the main army from lap. However, riding was not covered by this tactic.<\/p>\n<p>First, the Vellites went into battle. When <em><a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/units-of-roman-army\/velites\/\">velites<\/a><\/em> had already passed the first line, they moved to the second stage, forming a battle line. Then the commander of the rear <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/military-formations-of-ancient-romans\/centuria\/\">centuria<\/a> (<em>posterior<\/em>) at the head of his people moved first to the left and then forward forming a solid line. The same procedure was also used when velites formed behind the first line to protect the sides of the <em><a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/units-of-roman-army\/hastati\/\">hastati<\/a><\/em> formation.<\/p>\n<p>At this point, the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/units-of-roman-army\/roman-legion\/\">legion<\/a> presented a solid, strong battle line ready to fight. When the opponent approached <em>hastati<\/em> they charged. When they lost to the enemy, the <em>posterior<\/em> centurii returned to its previous position, creating loopholes. At that time, tired manipulations of <em>hastati<\/em> withdrew through the gaps for <em><a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/units-of-roman-army\/principes\/\">principes<\/a><\/em>. When the first row was hidden behind the second, <em>principes<\/em> formed, according to an earlier procedure, one strong battle line that charged the enemy. The situation repeated itself, when the second line was losing, which was rare, then the <em>triaria<\/em> intervened. This situation was described as: &#8220;It has come to the Triarii&#8221; (<em>res ad triaros redit<\/em>). When even <em>triaria<\/em> did not defeat the enemy army, the system allowed to safely leave the battlefield of the entire army.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":36746,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"kategorie_ciekawostek":[80],"class_list":["post-56800","ciekawostki","type-ciekawostki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","kategorie_ciekawostek-army"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ciekawostki\/56800","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ciekawostki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/ciekawostki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ciekawostki\/56800\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56800"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"kategorie_ciekawostek","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kategorie_ciekawostek?post=56800"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}