{"id":80569,"date":"2020-10-10T18:14:16","date_gmt":"2020-10-10T16:14:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/?post_type=ciekawostki&#038;p=80569"},"modified":"2020-10-10T18:14:16","modified_gmt":"2020-10-10T16:14:16","slug":"types-of-roman-tents","status":"publish","type":"ciekawostki","link":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/types-of-roman-tents\/","title":{"rendered":"Types of Roman tents"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Chapters<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/types-of-roman-tents\/#tent-of-contubernium\" >Tent of contubernium<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/types-of-roman-tents\/#tent-of-officers\" >Tent of officers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/types-of-roman-tents\/#tent-of-commanders\" >Tent of commanders<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>Tents were already in use in ancient times. Ancient Romans used them mainly in marching camps (<em>castra aestiva<\/em>), which were broken up during military campaigns every day. We owe a lot of information about their construction to the excavations in Vindolanda, near <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-art-and-culture\/roman-architecture\/roman-buildings\/roman-defense-walls\/hadrians-wall\/\">Hadrian&#8217;s Wall<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/discoveries\/in-england-remains-of-roman-production-complex-was-found\/\">in England<\/a>, where leather materials have also been preserved. <!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Information about the use of tents by the Romans in war is also provided by the reliefs from <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/kultura\/architektura-rzymska\/budowle-rzymskie\/kolumna-trajana\/\">Trajan&#8217;s Column<\/a> in <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-geography\/roman-cities\/rome-eternal-city\/\">Rome<\/a>, where selected moments are presented\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wojny\/wojny-dackie-trajana\/ \">Dacian war<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tent-of-contubernium\"><\/span>Tent of contubernium<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Tents are primarily associated with <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/units-of-roman-army\/contubernium\/\"><em>contubernium<\/em><\/a> &#8211; the smallest organized unit in the Roman <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/\">army<\/a>, which consisted of eight legionaries. The soldiers of such a unit were called <em>contubernales<\/em>. In fact, there were two additional people in the unit &#8211; servants or slaves who were in charge of packing or cooking. Officially, however, they were not included in the unit. It is worth mentioning that the soldiers participating in the campaign were referred to as <em>sub pellibus <\/em>(&#8220;under the skin&#8221;) because of the leather tents in which they stayed.<\/p>\n<p>Each <em><a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/units-of-roman-army\/contubernium\/\">contubernium<\/a> <\/em>had its own tent, which was approximately 3 meters wide and 1.5 meters high. The tent was transported by a mule assigned to the unit. The animal carried on its back: two tent poles, a folded leather tent, pegs, ropes, two baskets (used to dig a <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-army\/roman-camp\/\">camp<\/a> ditch), digging tools, a small stone grain mill to grind the grain, and extra <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-society\/eating-habits-of-romans\/\">food<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>As mentioned, the tent could fit up to 10 people and <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-society\/clothing-in-ancient-rome\/\">clothes<\/a> or other useful things that had to be protected from the rain. Other items and weapons were located behind the tent. There were a lot of <em>contubernia <\/em>tents, so they were attached tightly to each other in the camp. The centurion tents were lined up in a row, and at the end was a centurion&#8217;s tent of relatively similar dimensions.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tent-of-officers\"><\/span>Tent of officers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The officers&#8217; tents were the same width, but were taller and allowed the centurions to stay upright (2.4 meters high). Due to their height, the centurion tents required more space as the securing ropes had to reach the ground further.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tent-of-commanders\"><\/span>Tent of commanders<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The tents where the command staff stayed and slept were much larger. The width of such a tent was about 3.5 m wide and over 3.6 m high. Moreover, such tents had equipment and facilities unavailable to soldiers. The heavy leather cover and long support poles required two or more mules and a wagon.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"ramka_ze_zdjeciem float-center \"\n         style=\"\">\n\n        <div class=\"zdjecie\">\n            <img\n                class=\"ramka-ze-zdjeciem\"\n                src=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/namioty-rzymskie-640x188.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/namioty-rzymskie-640x188.jpg 640w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/namioty-rzymskie-400x117.jpg 400w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/namioty-rzymskie.jpg 1000w\"                alt=\"Roman tents, from the left: belonging to the contubernium, centurion, command\"\n                width=\"600\"\n                height=\"176\"\n               \n               \n            \/>\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/namioty-rzymskie.jpg\"\n               rel=\"fancybox\"\n               title=\"Roman tents, from the left: belonging to the contubernium, centurion, command.\">\n                <div class=\"iover\">\n                    <div class=\"zicon\">\n                        <i class=\"fa fa-search-plus\"><\/i>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n                    <div class=\"opis\">\n                                Roman tents, from the left: belonging to the contubernium, centurion, command.            <\/div>\n        \n        \n    <\/div>\n    \n","protected":false},"featured_media":80565,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"kategorie_ciekawostek":[80],"class_list":["post-80569","ciekawostki","type-ciekawostki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","kategorie_ciekawostek-army"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ciekawostki\/80569","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ciekawostki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/ciekawostki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ciekawostki\/80569\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80565"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80569"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"kategorie_ciekawostek","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kategorie_ciekawostek?post=80569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}