{"id":89872,"date":"2021-02-21T11:04:01","date_gmt":"2021-02-21T10:04:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/?post_type=ciekawostki&#038;p=89872"},"modified":"2021-02-21T11:44:20","modified_gmt":"2021-02-21T10:44:20","slug":"plan-of-roman-house","status":"publish","type":"ciekawostki","link":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/plan-of-roman-house\/","title":{"rendered":"Plan of Roman house"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_87 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Chapters<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/plan-of-roman-house\/#entrance-doors-and-tabernae-shops\" >Entrance doors and tabernae (shops)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/plan-of-roman-house\/#vestibule-%e2%80%93-vestibule\" >Vestibule &#8211; vestibule<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/plan-of-roman-house\/#atrium-%e2%80%93-representative-room\" >Atrium &#8211; representative room<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/plan-of-roman-house\/#tablinum-%e2%80%93-office\" >Tablinum &#8211; office<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/plan-of-roman-house\/#cubilculum-%e2%80%93-bedrooms\" >Cubilculum &#8211; bedrooms<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/plan-of-roman-house\/#triclinium-%e2%80%93-dining-room\" >Triclinium &#8211; dining room<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/plan-of-roman-house\/#hortus-peristyle-%e2%80%93-garden\" >Hortus \/ peristyle &#8211; garden<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>The plan shows a typical <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/kultura\/architektura-rzymska\/dom-rzymski\/\">Roman house<\/a> (<em>domus<\/em>) in ancient <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-geography\/roman-cities\/rome-eternal-city\/\">Rome<\/a>. Obviously, the number of rooms and the structure changed, depending on the times and wealth of the host; nevertheless, the layout and location of the rooms in the house were basically similar. <!--more--><\/p>\n    <div class=\"ramka_ze_zdjeciem float-center \"\n         style=\"\">\n\n        <div class=\"zdjecie\">\n            <img\n                class=\"ramka-ze-zdjeciem\"\n                src=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/planosdom-640x778.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/planosdom-640x778.jpg 640w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/planosdom-329x400.jpg 329w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/planosdom.jpg 1200w\"                alt=\"Roman house plan\"\n                width=\"638\"\n                height=\"775\"\n               \n               \n            \/>\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/planosdom.jpg\"\n               rel=\"fancybox\"\n               title=\"Roman house plan.\">\n                <div class=\"iover\">\n                    <div class=\"zicon\">\n                        <i class=\"fa fa-search-plus\"><\/i>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n                    <div class=\"opis\">\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-art-and-culture\/roman-architecture\/roman-house\/\">Roman house<\/a> plan.            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div class=\"chmurka\">\n                Graphics: PureCore \/ Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported            <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n    \n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"entrance-doors-and-tabernae-shops\"><\/span>Entrance doors and tabernae (shops)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The entrance door to the house (<em>ostium)<\/em> was usually double-leaf and opened inwards; There was also a knocker on the door. In addition to the main entrance in the house, there was an additional door (<em>posticum<\/em>), which served slaves and domestic help. Sometimes the master of the house used them, wanting to go for a walk, without risking surveillance by other household members.<\/p>\n<p>In front of the house, there could also be shops (<em>tabernae<\/em>) that were leased to other citizens. The entrances to them were from the street.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vestibule-%e2%80%93-vestibule\"><\/span>Vestibule &#8211; vestibule<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The visitor entering the house first crossed the vestibule (<em>vestibulum<\/em>), today&#8217;s vestibule. Sometimes, on the floor of the vestibule, the host greeted the guest with an additional warning &#8220;beware of the dog&#8221; (<em>cave canem<\/em>), or he announced his joy to visit his house with the words &#8220;be well&#8221; (<em>salve<\/em>). Everything was naturally made with small pebbles in the form of <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/kultura\/mozaika-rzymska\/\">mosaics<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"atrium-%e2%80%93-representative-room\"><\/span>Atrium &#8211; representative room<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The corridor led directly to the atrium, representative room and waiting room for guests. It derives its name from the word &#8211; <em>ater<\/em>, meaning &#8220;black&#8221;, which was due to the smoky walls; the blackness came from the hearths in the altars placed in this room. In the atrium, there was a sanctuary for the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-religion\/gods-of-ancient-rome\/lares\/\">Lares<\/a> (<em>lararium<\/em>), a bust of the master of the house, as well as ancestral masks (<em>imagines maiorum<\/em>). All these elements were aimed at showing the host and his family in the best light.<\/p>\n<p>The central place in the atrium was occupied by an <em>impluvium<\/em>, a shallow depression in the floor filled with water. A roof rose above the atrium, in the middle of which there was an opening (<em>compluvium<\/em>), through which rainwater ran directly to the <em>impluvium<\/em>. This water was then channeled into an underground cistern, where it was collected for home use.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tablinum-%e2%80%93-office\"><\/span>Tablinum &#8211; office<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Directly behind the atrium was the <em>tablinum<\/em>. Initially, this room was a matrimonial bedroom. Later, the room was transformed into the master&#8217;s workplace and office. In front of the <em>tablinum<\/em> there was a chest in which the host kept his savings. In addition, it served as a transition from the atrium to the <em>peristylium<\/em>. From the atrium, the tablinum was separated by a curtain, while from the <em>peristylium<\/em>, a wooden screen or a wide door.<br \/>\nOver time, one of the functions of <em>tablinum<\/em>, the room connecting the atrium with the <em>peristylium<\/em>, was taken over by a small <em>andron<\/em> passage.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"cubilculum-%e2%80%93-bedrooms\"><\/span>Cubilculum &#8211; bedrooms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Around the atrium, there were bedrooms (<em>cubiculum<\/em>) with beds (<em>lectus<\/em> or <em>cubile<\/em>). The wealthier ones had a small hall where a personal servant (<em>procoeton<\/em>) slept. The standard equipment of the bedroom was also a money box (<em>arca<\/em>) and a chair for guests. Romans avoided cluttering up the house and valued space; the decorations were mosaics and frescoes.<\/p>\n<p>At the end of the atrium, there were <em>alae<\/em>. They were open rooms, placed on either side. Their use is largely unknown today; perhaps they were in the form of a warehouse or storage room.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"triclinium-%e2%80%93-dining-room\"><\/span>Triclinium &#8211; dining room<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Next to the <em>tablinum<\/em>, there was a dining room (<em>triclinium<\/em>), literally &#8220;a room with three couches&#8221;. The name comes from the fact that in this room there were the abovementioned beds, on which the guests ate meals in a lying position. In Rome, the Greek and Etruscan custom was adopted to eat meals lying down on a bed in the shape of the letter <b>U<\/b> (<em>wedge<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>During the feast, slaves from the kitchen (<em>culina<\/em>) brought their meals. It was placed as far away from <em>triclinium<\/em> as it was assumed that people <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-society\/eating-habits-of-romans\/\">eating<\/a> meals should not be distracted by smells coming from the place where they were prepared.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"hortus-peristyle-%e2%80%93-garden\"><\/span>Hortus \/ peristyle &#8211; garden<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Through the <em>tablinum<\/em>, one went to the garden (<em>hortus<\/em>), which was the least public part of the house. The wealthy senators wanted to expand their estates. The goal was achieved by adding a peristyle (<em>peristylium<\/em>). A small narrow corridor (<em>fauces<\/em>) led from the atrium to the garden.<\/p>\n<p>In the peristyle, there was a larger pond (<em>piscina<\/em>) than in the atrium, and sometimes a separate space for discussions (<em>exedra<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p class=\"dalej\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/kultura\/architektura-rzymska\/dom-rzymski\/\">More about the clubhouse<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":89860,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"kategorie_ciekawostek":[117,77],"class_list":["post-89872","ciekawostki","type-ciekawostki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","kategorie_ciekawostek-society","kategorie_ciekawostek-unknown-facts"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ciekawostki\/89872","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ciekawostki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/ciekawostki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ciekawostki\/89872\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89860"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89872"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"kategorie_ciekawostek","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kategorie_ciekawostek?post=89872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}