{"id":103302,"date":"2022-03-10T21:21:48","date_gmt":"2022-03-10T20:21:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/?page_id=103302"},"modified":"2022-03-10T21:24:05","modified_gmt":"2022-03-10T20:24:05","slug":"ara-pacis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-art-and-culture\/roman-architecture\/roman-buildings\/ara-pacis\/","title":{"rendered":"Ara Pacis"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_87 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Chapters<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-art-and-culture\/roman-architecture\/roman-buildings\/ara-pacis\/#building\" >Building<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n    <div class=\"ramka_ze_zdjeciem float-right \"\n         style=\"\">\n\n        <div class=\"zdjecie\">\n            <img\n                class=\"ramka-ze-zdjeciem\"\n                src=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/776px-Ara_Pacis_Rom.jpg\"\n                                alt=\"Ara Pacis\"\n                width=\"250\"\n                height=\"193\"\n               \n               \n            \/>\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/776px-Ara_Pacis_Rom.jpg\"\n               rel=\"fancybox\"\n               title=\"Ara Pacis is a confirmation of the divinity of the Julian family and their origin from the myth about Romulus.\">\n                <div class=\"iover\">\n                    <div class=\"zicon\">\n                        <i class=\"fa fa-search-plus\"><\/i>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n                    <div class=\"opis\">\n                                <em><b>Ara Pacis<\/b><\/em> is a confirmation of the divinity of the Julian family and their origin from the myth about <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-art-and-culture\/roman-legends\/legend-of-romulus-and-remus\/\">Romulus<\/a>.            <\/div>\n        \n        \n    <\/div>\n    \n<p><em>Ara Pacis<\/em> (Altar of Peace), also called <em>Ara Pacis Augustae<\/em> consecrated on July 4, 13 BCE, completed on January 30, BCE, on the birthday of Augustus&#8217;s wife &#8211; <a title=\"Livia\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/biografie\/liwia-druzylla\/\">Livia<\/a>. For its construction, marble from the city of Carrara was used. Erected as a token of gratitude after the end of sustained hostilities. Emperor <a title=\"Octavian August\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/biografie\/oktawian-august\/\">Octavian Augustus<\/a> vowed to erect it in 13 BCE.<\/p>\n<p>Emperor <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/augustus\/\">Augustus<\/a> himself mentions the building itself in his autobiography <em>Res Gestae Divi Augusti<\/em>. We can also learn from it about a number of other achievements of the author, beneficial to the entire Roman state. Below is an excerpt about the Altar of Peace:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"center\">\n<p class=\"quote\">When I returned from Spain and Gaul after successfully settling the affairs of those provinces, in the consulship of <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/tiberius\/\">Tiberius<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/nero\/\">Nero<\/a> and Publius Quintilius, the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-constitution\/roman-republic\/roman-offices\/roman-senate\/\">Senate<\/a> decreed that the Altar of <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-religion\/gods-of-ancient-rome\/list-of-roman-gods\/pax\/\">Pax<\/a> Augusta [Ara Pacis] should be consecrated for my return near the Campus Martius, and ordered that the magistrates, priests, and the Vestal Virgins should there make an annual <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/suovetaurilia-sacrifice\/\">sacrifice<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p class=\"male3\">&#8211; <em>Res Gestae Divi Augusti<\/em>, 12.2<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Originally, the Altar was at <em>Campus Martius<\/em>, just off the <em>Via Flamina<\/em>. The choice of such a location, where the Tiber River has its bed nearby and where the ground is saturated with water, maybe wondering for such a monumental structure. There are different assumptions about the reason for choosing this place. One of them says that the river&#8217;s mirror was much lower than it is today. The second was that it was due to <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/article\/propaganda-on-roman-coins\/\">propaganda<\/a> reasons (peace won the war &#8211; the Field of <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-religion\/gods-of-ancient-rome\/list-of-roman-gods\/mars\/\">Mars<\/a>). The fact that Ara Pacis was part of the sundial is certainly propaganda. How it&#8217;s possible? In front of the front entrance, a pillar brought from Egypt called <b>the Obelisk of Augusti<\/b> (<em>Horologium Augusti<\/em>), on September 23, cast a shadow on the Altar of Peace, and it is on this day that the birthday of the Divine Augustus falls. It should also be mentioned that the obelisk had an inscription that mentions Octavian&#8217;s victory over Marcus <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/curiosities\/caesar-antony-augustus-family-connections\/\">Antony<\/a> and Cleopatra in the <a title=\"The Battle of Action\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/bitwy\/bitwa-pod-akcjum\/\">the Battle of Actium<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"ramka_ze_zdjeciem float-right \"\n         style=\"\">\n\n        <div class=\"zdjecie\">\n            <img\n                class=\"ramka-ze-zdjeciem\"\n                src=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/oltar_pokoju.jpg\"\n                                alt=\"Image of the Temple of Janus\"\n                width=\"200\"\n                height=\"200\"\n               \n               \n            \/>\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/oltar_pokoju.jpg\"\n               rel=\"fancybox\"\n               title=\"Image of the Temple of Janus.\">\n                <div class=\"iover\">\n                    <div class=\"zicon\">\n                        <i class=\"fa fa-search-plus\"><\/i>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n                    <div class=\"opis\">\n                                Image of the Temple of <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-religion\/gods-of-ancient-rome\/list-of-roman-gods\/janus\/\">Janus<\/a>.            <\/div>\n        \n        \n    <\/div>\n    \n<p>There are <b>two views<\/b> about the inspiration, patterns of <em>Ara Pacis<\/em>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Altar of the Twelve <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-religion\/gods-of-ancient-rome\/\">Gods<\/a><\/b> (5th century BCE), located in the Athenian Agora. The door on opposite sides, altar in the middle, surrounded by a wall with reliefs.<\/li>\n<li><b>Temple of Janus<\/b> (3rd century BCE), located in the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-art-and-culture\/roman-architecture\/roman-buildings\/forum-romanum\/\">Forum Romanum<\/a>. Tradition dictated that the door to the temple should be open at all times during the war. Only when the fighting was over and there was peace could it be closed. During the reign of Octavian, this was done three times.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To sum up, the inspiration for the creation of <em>Ara Pacis<\/em> can be considered Greek buildings (its shape) and the Temple of Janus (its decorations; closed-door, a symbol of peace).<\/p>\n<p>There is another, <b>interesting<\/b> suspicion that the Altar of Peace was built in place of a wooden structure. Well, inside, on the inner walls, there are slats that look like a wooden fence. Above it, you can see garlands attached to the pilasters and between them the skulls of sacrificed bulls. Also, the fact of the consecration of the unfinished construction and the need to make an annual sacrifice may indicate that this was indeed the case.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"building\"><\/span>Building<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n    <div class=\"ramka_ze_zdjeciem float-right \"\n         style=\"\">\n\n        <div class=\"zdjecie\">\n            <img\n                class=\"ramka-ze-zdjeciem\"\n                src=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/oltarz.jpg\"\n                                alt=\"Altar of Peace inside\"\n                width=\"300\"\n                height=\"225\"\n               \n               \n            \/>\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/oltarz.jpg\"\n               rel=\"fancybox\"\n               title=\"Altar of Peace inside.\">\n                <div class=\"iover\">\n                    <div class=\"zicon\">\n                        <i class=\"fa fa-search-plus\"><\/i>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n                    <div class=\"opis\">\n                                Altar of Peace inside.            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div class=\"chmurka\">\n                Untapped cities            <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n    \n<p>The Altar of Peace is a marble building erected on a rectangular plan with dimensions of 11.6 by 10.6 meters. The height of the side walls is 6.35 meters. The outer wall consists of three parts. The lowest part, <b>stylobat<\/b>, is 1.49 meters high and framed by a profiled cornice. Above the wall, there is a frieze of acanthus and swan leaves and stalks. The highest part of the wall is decorated with reliefs depicting Emperor Augustus surrounded by his family, state dignitaries during the procession on the occasion of the consecration of the altar, and mythological and allegorical scenes (including, for example, the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-religion\/gods-of-ancient-rome\/roman-personifications\/\">personification<\/a> of the Earth Mother surrounded by the elements). The characters are depicted here in profile or three-quarters in motion on two or even three planes.<\/p>\n<p>The height of the figural frieze is 1.55 meters. You enter the courtyard through the passage in the wall on the <em>via Flaminia<\/em> side. From the inside, the wall surrounding the courtyard is decorated with bas-reliefs constituting a composition of flowers, fruits and bucranions. The stairs on the west side and the ramp on the east lead to the elevation, on which the altar itself is located. The altar is decorated with a modest and single-plane frieze (the so-called Little Frieze) depicting a procession of vestals with a priest and lyre. The relief on both sides of the wall is richer. The outer wall is the most splendidly decorated.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"ramka_ze_zdjeciem float-center \"\n         style=\"\">\n\n        <div class=\"zdjecie\">\n            <img\n                class=\"ramka-ze-zdjeciem\"\n                src=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/RomaAraPacis_ProcessioneSudParticolare.jpg\"\n                                alt=\"Fragment of the relief depicting the August family procession\"\n                width=\"638\"\n                height=\"369\"\n               \n               \n            \/>\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/RomaAraPacis_ProcessioneSudParticolare.jpg\"\n               rel=\"fancybox\"\n               title=\"Fragment of the relief depicting the August family procession.\">\n                <div class=\"iover\">\n                    <div class=\"zicon\">\n                        <i class=\"fa fa-search-plus\"><\/i>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n                    <div class=\"opis\">\n                                Fragment of the relief depicting the August family procession.            <\/div>\n        \n                    <div class=\"chmurka\">\n                Creative Commons Attribution license - On the same terms 3.0.            <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n    \n<p>The altar was reconstructed in the 20th century close to its original location. In relation to its previous position, it is turned by 90 degrees.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ara Pacis (Altar of Peace), also called Ara Pacis Augustae consecrated on July 4, 13 BCE, completed on January 30, BCE, on the birthday of Augustus&#8217;s wife &#8211; Livia. For its construction, marble from the city of Carrara was used. Erected as a token of gratitude after the end of sustained hostilities. Emperor Octavian Augustus [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":37037,"parent":45096,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-103302","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/103302","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=103302"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/103302\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/45096"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37037"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=103302"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}