{"id":105612,"date":"2022-05-22T09:14:34","date_gmt":"2022-05-22T07:14:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/?page_id=105612"},"modified":"2022-05-22T09:14:34","modified_gmt":"2022-05-22T07:14:34","slug":"serdica","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-geography\/roman-cities\/serdica\/","title":{"rendered":"Serdica"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Chapters<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-geography\/roman-cities\/serdica\/#serdica-archeological-complex\" >Serdica Archeological Complex<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>Sofia, today\u2019s capital city of Bulgaria, used to be known as Serdica in antiquity. The city was conquered by the Romans in the year 29 BCE. With time it became the most important Roman town in the area. Nowadays we can see its remain in different places around the modern city.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"serdica-archeological-complex\"><\/span>Serdica Archeological Complex<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The name Serdica originated from the name of the tribe Serdi. The town was conquered by <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/biographies\/marcus-licinius-crassus\/\">Marcus Licinius Crassus<\/a>. As the net of the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-art-and-culture\/roman-architecture\/roman-roads\/\">Roman roads<\/a> in the region grew, the city was connected to Singidunum (modern Belgrade) and <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-geography\/roman-cities\/byzantium\/\">Byzantium<\/a>. During the reign of <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/biografie\/trajan\/\">Trajan<\/a> its status was raised to that of municipium and the sobriquet Ulpia was added to its name. Initially wooden, Serdica was surrounded by the first wall during the times of <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/biografie\/marek-aureliusz\/\">Marcus Aurelius<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/biografie\/kommodus\/\">Commodus<\/a>. It was the place of birth of the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-constitution\/roman-empire\/roman-emperors\/\">emperors<\/a> Aurelian and Galerius. The latter issued the Edict of Toleration in Serdica before he died, ending the <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-religion\/christianization-of-ancient-rome\/persecution-of-christians-in-rome\/\">persecution of Christians<\/a> in the year 311.<br \/>\nIn the very centre of modern Sofia one can find the largest portion of the ancient city, exposed during the excavations in 2010 and 2012 when the second metro line construction was in progress. It covers over 6,000 m2 and contains <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-art-and-culture\/roman-architecture\/insula-roman-tenement-house\/\">insulae<\/a>, public baths, fragments of six different streets, two early Christian basilicas as well as several buildings which used to serve trade and industry purposes. Elements of mosaics from the wealthier houses as well as the structures of heated floors and lead pipes supplying water to the buildings were preserved in good shape to modern times. Part of this area remains accessible even in the night while the section covered by the roof can be visited for a fee.<br \/>\nOn the western side of the metro line there are further excavated ruins with the western city gate among them. The amphitheatre, discovered in 2004, is located partially within a hotel lobby (which currently is unfortunately closed, so it can be only seen by the windows \u2013 in the past the access was free for everyone, not only the hotel guests). It is one of the largest amphitheatres in the eastern Empire and the largest one <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/discoveries\/in-bulgaria-polish-archaeologists-discovered-fragment-of-document-confirming-granting-of-roman-citizenship\/\">in Bulgaria<\/a>. A plate <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/advertising\/\">advertising<\/a> fights with wild <a href=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/article\/animals-and-hunting-in-world-of-romans\/\">animals<\/a> in the arena was found in the centre of the old Serdica and today can be found in the National Archaeological Museum.<br \/>\nSmaller sections of ruins can be also found further in the east \u2013 early Christian tombs and remains of ancient temples placed beneath and in the vicinity of the basilica of Saint Sophia, foundations of buildings adjacent to the church of Saint George and even some preserved wooden structures, displayed in one of the metro stations. All these monuments do not let one forget about the city\u2019s long history, extending to its ancient origins.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-105612 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-full'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pozostalosci-w-okolicy-bazyliki-sw-jerzego.jpg'><img width=\"1386\" height=\"924\" src=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pozostalosci-w-okolicy-bazyliki-sw-jerzego.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Ruins next to Saint George basilica\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-105512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pozostalosci-w-okolicy-bazyliki-sw-jerzego.jpg 1386w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pozostalosci-w-okolicy-bazyliki-sw-jerzego-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pozostalosci-w-okolicy-bazyliki-sw-jerzego-640x427.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1386px) 100vw, 1386px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-105512'>\n\t\t\t\tRuins next to Saint George basilica\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/glowna-ulica-serdiki-po-prawej-zadaszona-czesc-dostepna-za-oplata.jpg'><img width=\"1386\" height=\"924\" src=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/glowna-ulica-serdiki-po-prawej-zadaszona-czesc-dostepna-za-oplata.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Serdical main street (the covered part available for a fee visible to the right)\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-105510\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/glowna-ulica-serdiki-po-prawej-zadaszona-czesc-dostepna-za-oplata.jpg 1386w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/glowna-ulica-serdiki-po-prawej-zadaszona-czesc-dostepna-za-oplata-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/glowna-ulica-serdiki-po-prawej-zadaszona-czesc-dostepna-za-oplata-640x427.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1386px) 100vw, 1386px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-105510'>\n\t\t\t\tSerdical main street (the covered part available for a fee visible to the right)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/antyczna-tablica-przedstawiajaca-walki-ze-zwierzetami.jpg'><img width=\"1386\" height=\"924\" src=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/antyczna-tablica-przedstawiajaca-walki-ze-zwierzetami.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Plate depicting fights with wild animals\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-105506\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/antyczna-tablica-przedstawiajaca-walki-ze-zwierzetami.jpg 1386w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/antyczna-tablica-przedstawiajaca-walki-ze-zwierzetami-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/antyczna-tablica-przedstawiajaca-walki-ze-zwierzetami-640x427.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1386px) 100vw, 1386px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-105506'>\n\t\t\t\tPlate depicting fights with wild animals\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/sardika-ruiny-noca.jpg'><img width=\"1386\" height=\"924\" src=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/sardika-ruiny-noca.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Ruins in Serdica in the night\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-105504\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/sardika-ruiny-noca.jpg 1386w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/sardika-ruiny-noca-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/sardika-ruiny-noca-640x427.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1386px) 100vw, 1386px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-105504'>\n\t\t\t\tRuins in Serdica in the night\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/park-archeologiczny-po-zachodniej-stronie-linii-metra.jpg'><img width=\"1386\" height=\"924\" src=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/park-archeologiczny-po-zachodniej-stronie-linii-metra.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Archaeological park on the western side of metro line\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-105514\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/park-archeologiczny-po-zachodniej-stronie-linii-metra.jpg 1386w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/park-archeologiczny-po-zachodniej-stronie-linii-metra-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/park-archeologiczny-po-zachodniej-stronie-linii-metra-640x427.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1386px) 100vw, 1386px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-105514'>\n\t\t\t\tArchaeological park on the western side of metro line\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl>\n\t\t\t<br style='clear: both' \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sofia, today\u2019s capital city of Bulgaria, used to be known as Serdica in antiquity. The city was conquered by the Romans in the year 29 BCE. With time it became the most important Roman town in the area. Nowadays we can see its remain in different places around the modern city. Serdica Archeological Complex The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":105508,"parent":41476,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-105612","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/105612","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=105612"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/105612\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/41476"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/105508"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=105612"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}