{"id":44699,"date":"2018-10-28T19:50:56","date_gmt":"2018-10-28T18:50:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/pantheon-in-rome\/"},"modified":"2025-09-13T23:14:35","modified_gmt":"2025-09-13T21:14:35","slug":"pantheon-in-rome","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/imperiumromanum.pl\/en\/roman-art-and-culture\/roman-architecture\/roman-buildings\/pantheon-in-rome\/","title":{"rendered":"Pantheon in Rome"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pantheon in Rome<\/a>1<\/sup>, in other words, “Temple of all Gods” is a round temple built in 125 CE<\/b> in honour of the seven most important Roman deities. The name functions less frequently: Pantheum<\/em>. In that way it appeared in “Natural History” Pliny the Elder<\/a> (XXXVI.38) in the description of that building: Agrippae Pantheum decoravit Diogenes Atheniensis; in columnis templi eius Caryatides probantur inter pauca operum, sicut in fastigio posita signa, sed propter altitudinem loci minus celebrata<\/em>.<\/p>\n

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\n Roman Pantheon<\/b> was a temple founded by Agrippa in honour of the divine patrons<\/a> of Rome in the year 27 BCE (the son-in-law and closest associate of Emperor<\/a> Augustus<\/a>). <\/div>\n \n \n <\/div>\n \n

This building was founded by Mark Agrippa<\/a> and on his orders designed<\/span>. The structure was built in the Martian Field on the site of a former temple in honour of the divine patrons of Rome, built in 27 BCE and destroyed in a fire in 80 CE. Emperor Domitian<\/a> rebuilt the building, but it was destroyed again in the fire of 110 CE.<\/p>\n

In the later rebuilding (in the 20s of the second century CE) by the Hadrian<\/a> Pantheon other inscriptions of Agrippa. The portico of the Pantheon was supported by twelve columns, each about 12 meters high, carved from one block of grey granite from Egypt. This stone was extremely prestigious in ancient Rome because it was mined in only one place – at a distance of more than 4, 000 km from Rome – “Claudius Mountain”2<\/sup> (Mons Claudianus<\/a>), located in the middle of the East-Egyptian desert. Delivering 12 large rock blocks from such a distance required a huge amount of work and resources.<\/p>\n

The pantheon was built on a circular plan and differed from the previous temple. Only the original portico, which was not destroyed during the fire of 80 CE, has been preserved. The construction was managed by Apollodoros of Damascus<\/a><\/b> later and executed by order of the emperor for criticizing the double temple of Venus<\/a> and Roma, designed by Hadrian<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The Pantheon is a rotunda with a diameter and a height of 43 metres<\/b>. The building is covered with a huge dome cast in concrete, at the base of which the thickness is 7 meters. The dome of the building has a central hole on top, called the “eye” (oculusem<\/b><\/em>) with a diameter of 9 metres, which is the only opening that illuminates the interior. As the opening has no cover, the floor in the middle is slightly concave with a rainwater outlet. The palate of the dome is decorated with five rows of coffers.<\/p>\n

In front of the entrance to the temple, there is a three-row portico of 16 columns in Corinthian order, each 14 meters high. 8 of the 16 columns are in the first row.
\nIt is crowned with a tympanum<\/em> under which the inscription appears:<\/p>\n

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M\u00b7AGRIPPA\u00b7L\u00b7F\u00b7COS\u00b7TERTIVM\u00b7FECIT<\/b>
\nM[arcus] Agrippa L[ucii] f[ilius] co[n]s[ul] tertium fecit<\/b><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

means:<\/p>\n

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Built by Marcus Agrippa<\/a>, son of Lucius, consul<\/a> for the third time.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\n The building was destroyed in 80 CE as a result of a great fire in Rome<\/a>. It was rebuilt by Emperor Hadrian around 125 CE in an altered form on a circular plan, but the original rectangular portico with a colonnade[przypis id=\"3\"] and a foundation inscription on the front beams dedicated to Agrippa was left intact after the fire. During the invasion of the barbarians on Rome in the fifth century the temple was damaged. <\/div>\n \n
\n Autor: Bengt Nyman | Na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa - Na tych samych warunkach 3.0. <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n \n

A huge, heavy 20-ton bronze door leads to the interior of the Pantheon. In ancient times, the inner wall lined with granite and yellow marble was probably crossed by seven evenly spaced niches for seven bronze deities:<\/p>\n