Dominant languages of Rome were Latin and Greek

The dominant languages of the Roman Empire were Latin and Greek. Latin appeared as a “language of rulers” and was widespread in the Empire, especially in the western provinces in the army and the courts. The Greek, in turn, was the determinant of good education and birth. This language dominated the east and was very useful in diplomatic missions.

The ideal was when the Roman was fluent in both Latin and Greek.

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Septimia Zenobia Great Roman civil war Diocletian Campaigns in East Augustus