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Curiosities of ancient Rome

The world of the ancient Romans was rich in extraordinary, and sometimes even surprising, facts. We draw our knowledge of Roman daily life, customs, and mentality primarily from works left by ancient writers and historians. It is thanks to them that we discover information that is astonishing today – sometimes even hard to believe. Below are some interesting facts that reveal a lesser-known and less obvious side of the Roman world.

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City walls of Salona – mighty fortifications of Roman capital of Dalmatia

The defensive walls of Salona, ​​the capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia, were one of the most important elements of the city’s infrastructure. Their construction began as early as the 2nd century BCE, when the oldest urban center (urbs vetus) was established. At that time, the fortifications were trapezoidal in shape and surrounded an area of ​​approximately 16 hectares. The best-preserved section of these oldest fortifications remains the area around the Porta Caesarea, a monumental city gate with an inner and outer courtyard.

City walls of Salona

Roman amphitheater in Salona

The amphitheater in ancient Salona, ​​the capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia, was built in the second half of the 2nd century CE. It was one of the most important public buildings in the city, intended for hosting gladiatorial fights, wild animal hunts, and other public spectacles.

Rzymski amfiteatr w Salonie

Murmillo gladiator helmet used in series “Spartacus”

Murmillo-type gladiator helmet used in the TV series “Spartacus.” Characteristic of this class of gladiator was a massive helmet with a large crest and full face shield. This example features additional decorations in the form of seahorses and lions, inspired by motifs known from ancient Roman art.

Murmillo gladiator helmet used in series "Spartacus"

Treasure from mud: extraordinary bronzes of San Casciano dei Bagni

In the Tuscan town of San Casciano dei Bagni, one of the most important archaeological sites of recent decades was discovered between 2021 and 2022. Right next to the modern thermal baths, an ancient sanctuary associated with healing waters, functioning from Etruscan times to the late Roman Empire, was uncovered. The complex, dubbed “Bagno Grande,” contained extraordinary finds in the mud and hot water – hundreds of coins, numerous votive offerings, and perfectly preserved bronze statues.

Treasure from mud: extraordinary bronzes of San Casciano dei Bagni

Rabies – terror of history

Rabies is a zoonosis, or zoonotic disease, transmitted from animals to humans. It is caused by viruses of the Lyssavirus genus. After entering the body through a wound, they travel along nerve fibers to the brain, causing significant neurological changes. Affected individuals (both humans and animals) appear to have lost control of their bodies and minds (symptoms include difficulty moving, seizures, salivation, hypersensitivity to stimuli, increased aggression, and hydrophobia).

Rabid dog

Rome’s declaration of war during republic

During the time of the Republic, the Roman procedure for declaring war was extremely complex and involved several stages. It contained numerous rules, the strict observance of which was of paramount importance. Declaring war also involved numerous religious rites.

Ruins of the Temple of Bellona in Rome

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