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Articles (Other)

The Roman state existed in practice for XIII centuries, being the power which was impacting the history. Therefore, I decided that I would tell the history of ancient Rome in the articles below, which will not necessarily cover only the Eternal City.

I encourage you to send articles and point out any corrections or inaccuracies.

“Meditations” of Marcus Aurelius: philosophy of stoicism in everyday life of emperor

Marcus Aurelius, the Roman emperor who reigned from 161 to 180 CE, went down in history not only as a just ruler but also as one of the greatest philosophers of antiquity. His work Meditations is a collection of reflections that he wrote mainly for himself, to cultivate his inner life. It is an extremely intimate record of thoughts that refer to everyday struggles, and reflections on the nature of man and the world and the meaning of life. Meditations are deeply rooted in Stoic philosophy, and at the same time constitute a practical guide to ethics and morality.

Marcus Aurelius

Review: “Those About To Die” – to what extent is series true to history?

“Those About to Die” is the latest series that takes the viewer to the world of ancient Rome, namely 79 CE and the reign of Emperor Vespasian. The premiere of the series, which can be watched on the Amazon Prime platform, took place on July 18, 2024. What can we say about the series from a historical perspective? To what extent has it been consistent with scientific knowledge and ancient sources?

Those About to Die

Rome 2.0, or how the Renaissance rediscovered antiquity

When the Germanic leader Odoacer dethroned the minor emperor Romulus Augustus in 476, the Roman Empire effectively ceased to exist. With this event, many achievements of antiquity were lost – some irretrievably, others fell into oblivion for hundreds of years. It was only with the advent of the Renaissance that changes in European communities were so serious that they returned to the achievements of the ancient Romans on a larger scale. So what were the causes and consequences of the Renaissance?

Statue of Antinous

“Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny” – Antikythera mechanism and Polybius square

From June 30, in cinemas, you can see the latest part about one of the most popular film archaeologists – Indiana Jones – in the movie “Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny”. Interestingly, for the first time in this Hollywood historical production, the subject of ancient Rome was touched upon, which is of particular interest to me. Therefore, this article will be devoted to the comparison of the interpretation created for the film by the screenwriters, the history of the Antikythera Mechanism, with what we can find in historical sources or the latest archaeological research.

Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny

Public libraries in Roman world

The word “libraries” (Gr. βιβλιοθήκη, derived from the Greek words βιβλίον and θήκη, successively translated as book and reservoir) functions in Polish as a name for a large collection of books, both private, being the work of an independent collector, and public, in the form of a state institution with free access to the collection, which is regulated by the rules set for a given institution. This 20th-century definition significantly differs from how libraries functioned and were understood during the existence of ancient Rome.

Ruins of the Library of Celsus in Ephesus

Origins and development of victory theology in ancient Rome

War is one of the most radical actions that a human society can take. Among ancient societies, this type of behaviour was most often perceived in a religious and magical context. Humans appeased the gods before the conflict began, and subsequent victories or defeats were attributed to their direct intervention. Ancient Greek and Roman societies functioned no differently.

Fresco from Pompeii depicting the goddess Victoria

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