List of auxilia cohorts « IMPERIUM ROMANUM

Tombstone of Titus Flavius Bassus son of Mucala. The tombstone comes from the Flavian dynasty (69-96 CE). He came from a Thracian tribe and was a rider in Ala Noricorum. He died at the age of 46 after 26 years of service. He took the Roman names Titus Flavius, which means that he was granted Roman citizenship.

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During the period of the principate until 212 CE, the units of auxilia were separate units of the legion to which they joined only Roman citizens could. The Auxilia were mostly powered by peregrini, that is, the inhabitants of the Empire who did not have citizenship. Interestingly, the inhabitants “without citizenship” were the majority in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE. the entire population of the Roman state. Only in 212 CE under the Emperor of Caracalla other inhabitants were granted Roman citizenship.

There were three basic types of auxilia troops: alae (“wings”) which consisted only of cavalry (officially 480 men); cohortes, which consisted only of infantry (480 men); and cohortes equitatae, which included both infantry and cavalry units (600 men, 480 infantry and 120 cavalries).
Regiments of all three types appointed archers (sagittariorum) as they were equipped with bows. After around 80 CE, the smaller regiments (12%) were enlarged and reinforced (milliariae) by 1,000 troops, although in reality, they had 720, 800, and 1,040 troops respectively.

The following tables list the auxilia troops stationed under Emperor Hadrian (117-138 CE), depending on the place of stationing (province).

Regarding the names and nicknames of branches:

Honoured by emperors

Augusta – honoured by Octavian Augustus (30 BCE – 14 CE) or by his successors with this title;
Claudia – honoured by Tiberius (14-37 CE), Caligula (37-41 CE) or Claudius (41-54 CE);
Flavia – honoured by Vespasian (69-79 CE) or two sons and successors: Titus (79-81 CE) or Domitian (81-96 CE);
Ulpia – honoured by Trajan (98-117 CE);
Aelia – honoured by Hadrian (117-138 CE);
Aurelia – honoured by Marcus Aurelius (161-180 CE);
Septimia – honoured by Septimius Severus (197-211 CE).

Names of troops, originally formed by Emperor Augustus during the Illyrian Rebellion (CE 6-9) from Roman citizens that were not included in the legions

civium Romanorum – a unit originally created from Roman citizens (previously liberated);
ingenuorum – a unit originally created from free-born Roman citizens (ingenui);
voluntariorum – a branch originally created by volunteers (voluntarii). They were, in fact, liberators who were given their freedom in return for fighting during the Illyrian rebellion;
after the first recruitment of Roman citizens, these troops also recruited non-citizens (peregrini).

LEGEND:

c.R. = civium Romanorum (“Roman citizens”)
eq = equitata (includes driving quota)
sagitt = sagittariorum (squad of archers)
unit bold = unit milliaria (double count).

Other non-ethnic ward names

classica – the unit was probably recruited in crisis situations in Illyria. It was made up of naval units (classis – “fleet”) that did not have Roman citizenship. Also recruited from seamen (nauticarum) and maritima;
praetoria – originally a praetorian cohort in Rome. In fact, part of the cohort remained at the rear of the front at the end of the imperial campaigns, probably to form a strong “core” in the new auxilia cohort, thus leaving the prestigious name;
singularium – ala formed among members of the elite of equites singulares Augusti (imperial cavalry). They were intended to support the front at the end of the imperial campaigns;
contariorum – a special unit of lancers (contarii), from the word contus (“long spear”);
dromedariorum – special camel rider squad for desert warfare.

Branch terms

civium Romanorum – the title given to the unit by the emperor for special bravery. All the soldiers belonging to the unit at that time received Roman citizenship. Moreover, the title was given forever;
veterana – It is not entirely clear why this term was given. It may be to distinguish an older branch from a new one with the same number or name. This term is used depending on the circumstances. Soldiers with extensive experience were called up, most often after retiring, just before retiring, or re-appointed to the ranks of the army, e.g. in the Battle of Munda (45 CE), where as many as two legions of veterans were re-established. Some soldiers also stayed in the legions to continue serving;
tironum – from the word “recruits” (tirones).

Britannia
ALAE	COHORTES	COHORTES EQUITATAE
Agrippina Miniata I Hispanorum Asturum II Asturum Augusta Gallorum Petriana c.R. Augusta Gallorum Proculeiana Picentiana Gallorum II Gallorum Sebosiana Gallorum et Thracum classiana I Pannoniorum Sabiniana I Pannoniorum Tampiana I Thracum I Tungrorum Hispanorum Vettonum Augusta Vocontiorum	I Aquitanorum II Asturum eq IV Breucorum I Augusta Bracarum III Bracaraugustanorum I Baetasiorum c.R. I Batavorum eq I Celtiberorum I Aelia classica I Ulpia Cugernorum c.R. I Aelia Dacorum I Delmatarum II Delmatarum IV Delmatarum I Frisiavonum	II Gallorum veterana eq IV Gallorum eq V Gallorum VI Gallorum I Hispanorum eq I Aelia Hispanorum eq I Lingonum eq II Lingonum eq III Lingonum eq IV Lingonum eq I Menapiorum I Morinorum I Nauticarum I Augusta Nerviana Germanorum eq I Nerviorum II Nerviorum III Nerviorum IV Nerviorum II Pannoniorum V Raetorum I Sunucorum I Thracum II Thracum veterana VII Thracum I Tungrorum II Tungrorum c.L. eq I Vangionum eq I Vardulorum c.R. eq II Vasconum c.R. I Hamiorum sagitt

Germania Inferior
ALAE	COHORTES	COHORTES EQUITATAE
Afrorum veterana Longiniana Gallorum Gallorum et Thracum classiana Moesica felix I Noricorum c.R. Sulpicia c.R. I Thracum	II Asturum III Breucorum VI Breucorum VI Brittonum I civium Romanorum eq II civium Romanorum eq I classica II Hispanorum I Flavia Hispanorum eq	VI ingenuorum c.R. I Latobicorum et Varcianorum I Lucensium I Pannoniorum et Delmatarum eq I Raetorum eq c.R. VI Raetorum IV Thracum eq II Varcianorum eq XV voluntariorum c.R.

Germania Superior
ALAE	COHORTES	COHORTES EQUITATAE
Gallorum Indiana I Scubulorum	I Aquitanorum veterana III Aquitanorum eq c.R. IV Aquitanorum eq c.R. I Asturum equitata eq I Biturigum Augusta Cyrenaica eq II Augusta Cyrenaica I Flavia Damascenorum III Delmatarum eq V Delmatarum I Germanorum c.R.	I Helvetiorum II Hispanorum eq Ituraeorum c.R. I Ligurum et Hispanorum c.R. II Raetorum c.R. VII Raetorum eq IV Vindelicorum XXIV voluntariorum c.R. XXVI voluntariorum c.R. XXX voluntariorum c.R. XXXII voluntariorum c.R.

Raetia/Noricum
ALAE	COHORTES	COHORTES EQUITATAE
I Hispanorum Auriana I Commagenorum II Flavia I Flavia gemina c.R. I Flavia singularium	II Aquitanorum eq c.R. I Asturum II Batavorum IX Batavorum eq V Bracaraugustanorum I Breucorum c.R. V Breucorum c.R. eq III Britannorum I Aelia Brittonum I Raetorum II Raetorum	II Thracum III Thracum c.R. III Thracum veterana IV Tungrorum veterana I Flavia Canathenorum sagitt

Pannonia (Superior and Inferior)
ALAE	COHORTES	COHORTES EQUITATAE
I Hispanorum Aravacorum I Flavia Britannica c.R. I Brittonum c.R. I Cananefatium I civium Romanorum I Augusta Ituraeorum I Praetoria singularium c.R. I Thracum victrix II Augusta Thracum I Ulpia contariorum I Thracum veterana sagitt III Augusta Thracum sagitt	I Alpinorum eq I Alpinorum peditata II Alpinorum eq II Asturum et Callaecorum eq III Batavorum eq VII Breucorum c.R. eq I Brittonum V Callaecorum Lucensium eq I Campanorum voluntariorum c.R. II Augusta Dacorum eq I Lusitanorum Cyrenaica III Lusitanorum I Montanorum eq	I Noricorum eq I Ulpia Pannoniorum eq I Thracum c.R. I Thracum Germanica I Thracum Syriaca equitata eq II Augusta Thracum eq I Aelia Caesariensis sagitt I Aelia Gaesatorum sagitt

Moesia Superior
ALAE	COHORTES	COHORTES EQUITATAE
I Claudia nova miscellanea Gallorum Flaviana	III Brittonum veterana eq III campestris c.R. V Gallorum eq V Gallorum et Pannoniorum V Hispanorum eq I Pannoniorum veterana eq	I Antiochensium sagitt I Cretum eq sagitt

Moesia Inferior
ALAE	COHORTES	COHORTES EQUITATAE
II Hispanorum Aravacorum I Vespasiana Dardanorum I Flavia Gaetulorum Gallorum Atectorigiana I Claudia Gallorum Capitoniana I Gallorum et Pannoniorum cataphractaria	I Bracarorum c.R. II Bracaraugustanorum eq II Flavia Brittonum eq I Lepidiana c.R. II Lucensium I Lusitanorum II Mattiacorum eq	I Flavia Numidarum eq I Sugambrorum tironum I Claudia Sugambrorum veterana eq I Thracum Syriaca II Chalcidenorum sagitt I Cilicum eq sagitt

Dacia (Dacia Superior, Inferior and Porolissensis)
ALAE	COHORTES	COHORTES EQUITATAE
I Asturum I Batavorum I Bosporanorum I Hispanorum Campagonum I Gallorum et Bosporanorum II Gallorum et Pannoniorum I Hispanorum II Pannoniorum II Pannoniorum veterana I Tungrorum Frontoniana I Flavia Commagenorum sagitt numerus equitum Illyricorum	I Afrorum c.R. eq I Batavorum c.R. II Flavia Bessorum I Bracaraugustanorum I Britannica c.R. eq II Britannorum c.R. I Flavia Brittonum eq I Ulpia Brittonum I Augusta Brittonum Nerviana II Augusta Brittonum Nerviana I Cananefatium I Flavia Commagenorum IV Baetica	I Cypria c.R. II Gallorum II Gallorum Dacica II Gallorum Macedonica eq II Gallorum Pannonica III Gallorum I Hispanorum I Hispanorum veterana eq I Flavia Ulpia Hispanorum c.R. eq II Hispanorum scutata c.R. IV Hispanorum eq V Lingonum II Flavia Numidarum VIII Raetorum eq c.R. VI Thracum eq Ubiorum eq I Ubiorum I Vindelicorum c.R. eq I Augusta Ituraerorum sagitt I Thracum sagitt I Tyriorum sagitt

Cappadocia
ALAE	COHORTES	COHORTES EQUITATAE
II Ulpia Auriana I Augusta gemina colonorum I Ulpia Dacorum II Gallorum I Parthorum veterana	Apula c.R. I Bosporanorum I Claudia eq II Claudia I Hamiorum c.R. I Italica voluntariorum c.R. milliaria c.R. eq I Numidarum	II Ulpia Petreorum eq III Ulpia Petreorum eq I Raetorum eq IV Raetorum eq III Augusta Cyrenaica sagitt

Syria (Judaea, Arabia Petraea)
ALAE	COHORTES	COHORTES EQUITATAE
I Flavia Agrippiana II Flavia Agrippiana Gaetulorum veterana I Phrygum VII Phrygum I Ulpia singularium I Thracum Herculanea Augusta Xoitana I Ulpia dromedariorum Gallorum et Thracum Antiana sagitt	III Bracarum IV Bracarugustanorum III Callaecorum Bracarum IV Callaecorum Lucensium II Cantabrorum II classica I Ulpia Dacorum III Dacorum I Damascena Armeniaca II equitum eq II Ulpia equitatum eq I Flavia I Gaetulorum I Ulpia Galatarum	II Ulpia Galatarum VII Gallorum eq V gemella c.R. VI Hispanorum II Ligurum et Corsorum I Lucensium I Augusta Lusitanorum I Montanorum I Augusta Pannoniorum II Ulpia Paphlagonum III Ulpia Paphlagonum eq IV Ulpia Petreorum V Ulpia Petreorum eq VI Ulpia Petreorum I Sebastena I Thracum III Augusta Thracum II Thracum Syriaca III Thracum Syriaca IV Thracum Syriaca I Ascalonitanorum sagitt I Flavia Chalcidenorum eq sagitt I Damascenorum sagitt II Italica voluntariorum c.R. sagitt I Ulpia Petreorum eq sagitt I Ulpia c.R. sagitt I Augusta Thracum eq sagitt

Aegyptus
ALAE	COHORTES	COHORTES EQUITATAE
Apriana Augusta Syriaca Commagenorum Gallorum veterana I Thracum Macedonica Vocontiorum	I Ulpia Afrorum eq I Flavia Cilicum eq II Ituraeorum III Ituraeorum I Aug. praetoria Lusitanorum eq I Macedonica eq	I Pannoniorum I Thebaeorum eq II Thebaeorum scutata c.R. I Apamenorum eq sagitt

Mauretania (Africa, Numidia, Caesariensis, Tingitana)
ALAE	COHORTES	COHORTES EQUITATAE
III Asturum I Augusta c.R. I Augusta Gallorum I Gallorum Tauriana victrix Gemelliana c.R. I Flavia Numidica I Augusta Nerviana I Pannoniorum II Augusta Thracum I Hamiorum sagitt Parthorum sagitt I Syrorum sagitt II Syrorum sagitt	I Flavia Afrorum II Flavia Afrorum I Asturum et Callaecorum III Asturum c.R. eq II Breucorum II Brittonum eq I Chalcidenorum eq VI Commagenorum eq I Corsorum c.R. V Delmatarum c.R.	Aelia expedita I Flavia eq III Gallorum felix IV Gallorum c.R. II Hamiorum I Flavia Hispanorum II Hispanorum c.R. eq I Ituraeorum c.R. I Lemavorum c.R. VII Lusitanorum eq I Flavia Musulamiorum eq I Nurritanorum II Sardorum IV Sugambrorum IV Tungrorum I Syrorum sagitt II Syrorum eq sagitt

Inne prowincje lub nieznane lokalizacje
ALAE	COHORTES	COHORTES EQUITATAE
II Flavia Hispanorum (Spain)	III Alpinorum eq (Dalmatia) I Aelia Athoitarum (Thrace) I Ausetanorum (Spain?) I Flavia Bessorum (Macedonia) Callaecorum (?) I Celtiberorum eq (Spain) I Cisipadensium c.R. (Thrace) Dacorum (?) I Gallica c.R. eq (Spain) I Delmatarum mill eq (Dalmatia)	I Ligurum (Asia?) maritima (Baetica) Maurorum et Afrorum (?) I Musulamiorum (Licia) VI praetoria (Bithynia) III sagittariorum (?) I/II nova tironum (Spain) VIII voluntariorum (Dalmatia) XXV voluntariorum (Spain?)