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Articles

Roman state existed for nearly thirteen centuries, repeatedly exerting a profound influence on the course of history. I present the history of ancient Rome in the individual articles below, which not always refer solely to the Eternal City itself but encompass the wider world of the Roman Empire.

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Great Migration Period

During the 4th century CE, the Roman Empire underwent numerous transformations. The end of offensive wars resulted in a shortage of slave supplies in the Empire. The number of vernae (slaves not bought but brought up on the farm) grew.

Hun invasion

Top 10 sex scandals in ancient Rome

Ancient Rome appears to us to this day as a debauched world, full of nakedness and deviation. It is no coincidence that the emperors who had unlimited power and their family had a great influence on the formation of such an opinion. Here are the 10 sex scandals that rocked Rome.

Valeria Messalina

Ancient city Tomis

The town of Constanta, situated on the Black Sea coast, having 300 thousand population, is the main port and tourist resort of Romania. The city has an interesting history, dating back to Greek settlement. In antiquity, it was called Tomis.

Foundations of Roman houses in Constanta

Roman days of week

The seven-day cycle and the original names of the days of the week are from Mesopotamia. Babylonian astrologers believed that human life was influenced by seven celestial bodies, which they saw as moving around a stationary Earth: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, the sun and the moon (Uranus, Neptune and Pluto were not known in ancient times).

Roman calendar

Sergius Orata – famous fish breeder

Sergius Orata was an entrepreneur whom Pliny the Elder mentions several times in his work Natural History. On the basis of these mentions, some researchers concluded that Orata was the inventor of the so-called hanging baths, which were equated with the system of heating the floor and swimming pools in baths – hypocaustum. Nothing could be more wrong. Hypocaustum is a Greek invention, only slightly improved by the Romans, while Sergius Orata was a fish farmer and it was in this field that he was an innovator.

Fish on the Roman mosaic

Literal contracts in the Roman law

Aside from verbal, consensual and real contracts there were also literal contracts in the Roman law, which means they were made in writing. Despite few sources we know that they were quite diverse. Due to their nature it was easy to use them as evidence. They were valued for their precision and the clarity with which they stated the obligations and they could refer to both the citizens as well as the peregrines, depending on which specific type of contract was used.

Court scene in old Rome expulsion of the Sophists

Dice in ancient Roman world

Games that use a variety of small items, such as astragals or cubes were very popular among the ancient Romans, which is confirmed to some extent by archaeological finds. As it turns out, the dice is uneven – Roman game equipment took various, sometimes even surprising forms, not always similar to those we know today.

Cubic dice

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