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The world of the ancient Romans was rich in extraordinary, and sometimes even surprising, facts. We draw our knowledge of Roman daily life, customs, and mentality primarily from works left by ancient writers and historians. It is thanks to them that we discover information that is astonishing today – sometimes even hard to believe. Below are some interesting facts that reveal a lesser-known and less obvious side of the Roman world.
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Emperor Nero was famous for his licentiousness and love of luxury. One of his ideas was to commission the construction of the famous “Golden House” (the so-called Domus Aurea). This investment was met with huge objections and unpopularity from the Romans, mainly due to the high costs associated with, among others, the shocking splendour of the decor. Due to this state of affairs, the project was probably never completed.
Roman sources say that during the Second Punic War, when the Romans besieged Carthage, part of the Carthaginian ships broke the sea blockade of the Romans and sailed towards the Pillars of Heracles. They were never seen again after that. Following them, the Romans sent seven ships of Scipio Aemilianus and the geographer Polybius.
Caligula (reigned 37-41 CE) went down in history as one of the most unbalanced Roman emperors. During his rule, the emperor tried to obtain as much wealth as possible, including through auction.
For hundreds of years in Rome and around the world, a model of civic virtue was one Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus (“Curly”), also known as Cincinnatus. He was a patrician and Roman consul in 460 BCE. In 458 BCE he was proclaimed dictator of Rome by the Roman Senate during the war with the Aequi people. According to legend, the senate made the choice while Cincinnatus was ploughing the field.
The largest known worked blocks of stone were found near Baalbek (in Lebanon). It is about the so-called trilitons, i.e. three boulders from the vicinity of the sanctuary from the period of Roman rule in this area. They were supposed to weigh 800 tons each, although it is estimated that the largest weighed over 1,000 tons. They formed the basis for the Temple of Jupiter (the Great Temple), which was completed in the 1st century CE.
The skeleton of a woman was discovered in a marble sarcophagus, which dates back to the 3rd century CE. Interestingly, the hair and eyebrows of a woman who probably died at the age of 50-60 are still preserved. The discovery took place in 1962 in Roman Thessalonica, and the woman came from a high social class. The object is on display at the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki.
As Seneca the Younger once said: “Wherever the Roman conquers, there he dwells”1. The conquests of the Roman Republic resulted, to a large extent, mainly from the need to acquire land and increase crops.
The skin of Octavian Augustus was said to have many birthmarks; Suetonius even claims that they were arranged on the back and belly in the constellation of Ursa Major. In addition, Emperor August was terrified of storms and lightning.
